Azoxymethane (AOM) is a carcinogen that induces O6-methylguanine adducts in DNA leading to G to A transitions.

This is an ultrapure NAD, chromatographically purified to remove trace inhibitors. β-NAD, a pyridine nucleotide and biologically active form of nicotinic acid, is a coenzyme necessary for the catalytic reaction of certain enzymes. It occurs in living cells primarily in the oxidized state.…

Heparin is a polymer classified as a mucopolysaccharide or a glycosoaminoglycan. It is biosynthesized and stored in mast cells of various mammalian tissues, particularly liver, lung and mucosa. It is made up of repeated disaccharide units consisting of 1,4-linked L-iduronic acid and D-glucosamine.…

Etoposide is an important chemotherapeutic agent that is used to treat a wide spectrum of human cancers. It also belongs to the drug type plant alkaloid. The primary cytotoxic target for etoposide is topoisomerase II. This ubiquitous enzyme regulates DNA under- and overwinding, and removes knots…

Human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG), a polypeptide hormone produced by the human placenta, is composed of an alpha and a beta sub-unit. The alpha sub-unit is essentially identical to the alpha sub-units of the human pituitary gonadotropins, luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone…

Muscone, originally collected from male musk deer ventral glands, is a potent antiinflammatory agent that has been reported to reduce proinflammatory cytokines in vitro. This compound has also been shown to reverse IL-1β-induced upregulation of IL-1β, TNFα, NOS2 (inducible nitric…

Insulin is the primary polypeptide hormone responsible for controlling the cellular uptake, utilization and storage of glucose, amino acids and fatty acids while inhibiting the breakdown of glycogen, protein and fat. It is produced by pancreatic beta cells. Methods for immobilizing insulin on…

3-(4,5-Dimethyl-2-thiazolyl-2)-2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide is used as a colorimetric metabolic activity indicator in cell viability assays. Thiazolyl Blue Tetrazolium Blue (MTT) is a dye used in measurement of cell proliferation. MTT produces a yellowish solution that is converted to dark…

Arachidonic Acid is an essential fatty acid. Occurs in liver, brain, glandular organs, and depot fats of animals, in small amounts in human depot fats, and is a constituent of animal phosphatides. Arachidonic Acid is a precursor in the biosynthesis of prostaglandins, thromboxanes, and…

Cafestol is a diterpene molecule present in coffee. Cafestol is a natural extract which induces glutathione S-transferase. It is used to study mechanisms of anti-oxidation related to hydrogen peroxide induced oxidative stress and DNA damage. Cafestol acts as a GST(glutathione S-transferase)…