An odorless, selective, and water-soluble reducing agent that is commonly used in many laboratory applications; commonly used to rapidly reduce protein and peptide disulfide bonds.

A prodrug of gemcitabine designed for improved oral bioavailability; inhibits the growth of human non-small cell lung cancer NCI-H460 cells, colon cancer HCT116 cells, and breast cancer MCF-7 cells both in vitro (IC₅₀s = 0.78, 0.92, and 0.64 μM, respectively) and in xenograft cancer models.