A potent dopamine receptor agonist that binds the D2 receptor with highest affinity (Ki = 2.5 nM); avidly binds the serotonin receptors 5-HT1A and 5-HT1D (Ki = 12.9 and 10.7 nM, respectively), as well as α and β adrenoreceptors.

A fluorescent indicator of peroxynitrite formation; neither NO, superoxide, nor hydrogen peroxide alone appear to oxidize DCFH.

Keystone essential fatty acid that is converted by COX, LO, and epoxygenase enzymes into more than 150 potent metabolites in species ranging from fungi to plants to mammals.

A fluoroquinolone antibiotic that displays broad spectrum antibacterial activity by inhibiting the bacterial regulatory enzyme DNA gyrase (IC₅₀ = 0.92 µg/ml) as well as topoisomerase IV (IC₅₀ = 1.62 µg/ml).

An analog of folic acid and aminopterin that is used in the treatment of cancer, autoimmune diseases, ectopic pregnancy, and for the induction of medical abortions; induces adenosine release, inhibits the metabolism of folic acid, and blocks key enzymes in the synthesis of purines and pyrimidines…

An intermediate in the interconversion of glucose and galactose.

An imidazoquinoline compound that activates TLR7 (EC₅₀ = 2.1 µM) on immune cells, inducing the production of IFN-α, IL-12, and other mediators; up-regulates the OGF receptor on cancer cells, blocking cell proliferation (IC₅₀ = 2 µM).

A plant lectin that selectively cross-links cell-surface glycoproteins and affects the initiation of cell agglutination, mitogenesis, and apoptosis; widely used in affinity chromatography purifications of various glycoproteins and cellular structures; also used to induce liver injury in…

A potent antagonist of the type III receptor tyrosine kinases PDGFRβ, FLT3, and c-Kit (IC₅₀ = 200, 220, and 170 nM, respectively); less potently inhibits CSF-1R (IC₅₀ = 3.4 µM) and does not significantly inhibit other tyrosine or serine/threonine kinases.

A tertiary amine that complexes with, and stabilizes, Cu(I) to accelerate azide-alkyne cycloadditions, as used in click chemistry.

A non-depolarizing muscle relaxant that competitively blocks cholinergic receptors at the motor end plate of the neuromuscular junction, inducing temporary paralysis.

An antipsychotic compound that displays high affinity for dopamine receptors (Kis = 2.4, 0.2, and 1.8 nM for D2, D3, and D4, respectively); also has actions as an antagonist, inverse agonist, or channel blocker, with lower affinities, at other receptors and channels.

A synthetic intermediate useful for pharmaceutical synthesis.

An organic polysulfide compound found in garlic that acts as an H2S donor; reduces the survival of prostate cancer PC-3 cells (IC50 = 22 μM) and inhibits the growth of human colon adenocarcinoma HCT15 cells (IC50 = 11.5 μM); suppresses the growth of PC-3 xenografts in vivo in mice and induces…

A natural triterpenoid carboxylic acid that is known to have antioxidative, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer activities; inhibits Na+/K+-ATPase activity (IC50 = 24.7 μM) and blocks NF-κB activation in various human cancer cells lines (10-100 μM), inhibiting cell…

A steroid hormone produced in the cortex of the adrenal glands that binds to both glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid receptors; also is the precursor to aldosterone synthesis.

Capsaicin is the primary active component of the heat and pain-eliciting lipid-soluble fraction of the Capsicum pepper. Capsaicin is present in natural hot pepper extracts along with a number of impurities, including dihydrocapsaicin and several lesser impurities. Separation by HPLC is required in…

A progesterone analog (i.e., a progestin); does not bind the ER, however, two of its A-ring metabolites can bind ER and possess weak estrogenic activity.

A glycopeptide antibiotic identified for its utility in the treatment of gram-positive bacteria, including penicillin-resistant staphylococci; binds to bacterial cell wall precursors, interfering with their synthesis.

A naturally-occurring dimethyl ether analog of resveratrol; acts as a powerful antioxidant, suppresses the synthesis of PGE2 from LPS-stimulated human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (IC₅₀ = 1.0 μM), and inhibits cell proliferation (IC₅₀ = ~60 μM); evokes effects that…

A tyrosine kinase inhibitor which acts on EGFR, inhibiting EGFR-associated kinase activity (IC50 = 2.5 µM) and tumor growth in human HN5 tumor xenografts in mice with an ED50 value of 9 mg/kg; drug form of Erlotinib, Tarceva™, is used to treat certain forms of cancer.

An antifungal agent that acts as an inverse agonist to disrupt Hh signaling (IC₅₀ = 0.8 μM); treatment at 100 mg/kg twice per day has been shown to suppress the growth of medulloblastomas from a Ptch+/-p53-/- mouse allograft model.

A natural alkaloid that acts as a selective and reversible α2-adrenergic receptor antagonist (Ki = 12 nM); also acts as a receptor antagonist at the serotonin 5-HT2B receptor (Ki = 14.3 nM).

An isoflavonoid phytoestrogenic compound found in soybeans, pea pods, and other legumes; acts as a tyrosine kinase inhibitor, has chemopreventive effects on breast, prostate, and other endocrine-dependent tumors.

An enzyme substrate for glycolysis and gluconeogenesis pathways; metabolized to pyruvate by pyruvate kinase during glycolysis; formed from phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase-catalyzed oxaloacetate decarboxylation during gluconeogenesis.

A photoactivatable ribonucleoside analog that is widely used for RNA analysis, including short-range RNA-RNA crosslinking and nascent RNA labeling.

A derivative of testosterone and ethisterone that binds androgen receptors and sex hormone-binding globulin causing a 3-fold increase in free testosterone; possesses weak androgenic effects and inhibits the production of gonadotropins.

A nonfixable red fluorescent dye (excitation max: 586 nm; emission max: 605 nm) that can be used as a specific marker for astrocytes and an activity-dependent probe for monitoring regulated exocytosis.

A fluorogenic substrate of β-glucuronidase that upon cleavage yields a blue fluorescent end product that can be monitored by UV light; typically used in the GUS reporter system for fluorescent detection of β-glucuronidase gene expression in E. coli and transformed plants.

An anti-inflammatory steroid.

A water soluble, irreversible, broad spectrum inhibitor of serine proteases, including trypsin, chymotrypsin, plasmin, thrombin, and kallikreins; also inhibits NADPH oxidase.

A thio analog of the purine base guanine that incorporates into DNA during replication, inducing double-strand breaks that destabilize its structure and result in cytotoxicity; used as a chemotherapeutic for acute leukemia and other types of cancer, including BRCA2-mutated tumors.