An inhibitor of human recombinant PDE5 (IC₅₀ = 5.9 µM); used to treat erectile dysfunction and has been shown to have anti-cancer and antioxidant activity; induces differentiation of cardiomyocytes and increases the proliferation and differentiation of cultured human osteoblasts.

A bile salt formed in the liver by conjugation of cholic acid with taurine that can be used to solubilize lipids and membrane-bound proteins.

A dual purpose probe; a chemiluminescent probe that detects superoxide production by enzymatic and cellular sources; a fluorescent chloride-sensitive indicator, with fluorescence being quenched by chloride (excitation: 455 nm; emission: 505 nm).

A compound used to attach biotin to primary amines, such as lysines on the surface of proteins, under alkaline conditions (pH~8-9).

A triazole antifungal agent that is effective against most Candida strains.

A selective estrogen receptor (ER) modulator; an ER antagonist in breast tissue, effective in treating early breast cancer; an ER agonist in bone and blood vessels and a partial ER agonist in uterine tissues.

A lysosomal condensation product that selectively eliminates dipeptidyl peptidase I-expressing immune cells, including cytotoxic T cells and natural killer cells.

A cell-permeable antagonist of IP3 receptors.

An N-acetylglucosamine derivative that has been shown to promote hyaluronic acid production.

A chemiluminescent substrate of firefly luciferase which produces light upon oxidative decarboxylation in the presence of ATP.

An imidazoquinoline compound that activates TLR7 (EC₅₀ = 2.1 µM) on immune cells, inducing the production of IFN-α, IL-12, and other mediators; up-regulates the OGF receptor on cancer cells, blocking cell proliferation (IC₅₀ = 2 µM).

An antimycotic prodrug that is converted by cytosine deaminase to 5-fluorouracil, a cytotoxic drug that inhibits viral infections and has cytotoxic effects on cancer cells.

Induces protein expression where the gene is under the control of the lac operator by triggering transcription of the lac operon in cloning procedures.

A synthetic cytokinin used as a media supplement to regulate growth in woody plant tissue cultures and micropropagations; concentrations below 1 µM promote axillary proliferation, whereas concentrations above 1 µM can stimulate the formation of callus, adventitious shoots, or somatic embryos.

A polyene macrolide used in the treatment of infections caused by C. albicans, A. fumigatus, and parasitic L. protozoans, as well as in tissue culture to prevent fungi from contaminating cell cultures; binds with ergosterol in fungal cell membranes, altering membrane permeability and ultimately…

A mixture of at least four closely related components, polymyxin B1 to B4, with polymyxin B1 and B2 being the two major components; demonstrates rapid in vitro bactericidal activity against major multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria, including P. aeruginosa, A. baumannii, and K. pneumonia.

A thio analog of the purine base guanine that incorporates into DNA during replication, inducing double-strand breaks that destabilize its structure and result in cytotoxicity; used as a chemotherapeutic for acute leukemia and other types of cancer, including BRCA2-mutated tumors.

A synthetic intermediate useful for pharmaceutical synthesis; has mycobacteriostatic and mycobacteriocidal activities in vitro.

A cell-permeable substrate for aminopeptidase M and leucine aminopeptidase that was developed for intracellular analysis of protease activities.

An odorless, selective, and water-soluble reducing agent that is commonly used in many laboratory applications; commonly used to rapidly reduce protein and peptide disulfide bonds.

Urinary metabolite of leucine that is used as a diagnostic tool in the diagnosis of various acidemias and mitochondrial fatty acid β-oxidation defects.

An indoleamine neurohormone whose levels vary in a daily cycle, thereby allowing the entrainment of the circadian rhythms of several biological functions in animals, plants, and microbes; acts as a powerful antioxidant that protects lipids, proteins, and DNA against oxidative damage.

A tyrosine kinase inhibitor which acts on EGFR, inhibiting EGFR-associated kinase activity (IC50 = 2.5 µM) and tumor growth in human HN5 tumor xenografts in mice with an ED50 value of 9 mg/kg; drug form of Erlotinib, Tarceva™, is used to treat certain forms of cancer.

A synthetic intermediate used in glycosylation reactions.

An HDAC inhibitor of class I and class II HDACs at around 50 nM; arrests cell growth in a wide variety of transformed cells in culture at 2.5-5.0 µM.

A synthetic phosopholipid that can be used for liposome production in order to study the properties of lipid bilayers.

A chromogenic substrate that, like other tetrazolium compounds, can be reduced to produce a colored formazan derivative; used in the “NBT test” to evaluate the activity of NADPH oxidase in phagocytes; paired with PCIB for the colorimetric detection of alkaline phosphatase activity.

A chemical chaperone that rescues the trafficking of misfolded proteins and weakly blocks HDAC activity (IC50 = 0.4 mM), leading to cell cycle arrest, differentiation, and/or apoptosis of various tumors.

An analog of β-D-glucose in which sulfur replaces the hydroxyl group at the one position, allowing diverse chemical reactions, including click chemistry and polymerization; can be labeled with technetium-99m for analytical and diagnostic procedures.

4-Pyrimidinecarboxaldehyde, dimethyl acetal is a synthetic intermediate useful for pharmaceutical synthesis.

A cyclic oligosaccharide containing seven D-(+)-glucopyranose units that is widely used to improve the aqueous solubility of various compounds, especially those containing a phenyl group.

A third generation fluoroquinolone with antibacterial activity; inhibits type II topoisomerases (IC₅₀s = 8.06 and 9.81 µg/ml for DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV, respectively).