An inhibitor of respiration in animals and bacteria; binds at the quinone reduction site of succinate:ubiquinone oxidoreductase (SQR; Complex II) in animals, preventing ubiquinone from binding; inhibits NADH fumarate reductase in bacteria; inhibits photosystem II in plants.

Estrone is one of the three naturally occurring estrogens, the others being estradiol and estriol. Estrone is synthesized from androstenedione by the aromatase enzyme system in the ovaries and placenta, and is also synthesized from estradiol by 17-hydroxy steroid dehydrogenase in the liver. Serum…

Travoprost is the Alcon trade name for fluprostenol isopropyl ester, an F-series prostaglandin analog which has been approved for use as an ocular hypotensive drug. Fluprostenol isopropyl ester is a prodrug which is converted by esterase enzymatic activity in the cornea to yield the corresponding…

A pyridine regio-isomer of the JMJD3 inhibitor GSK-J4; cell-permeable and hydrolyzed to a free base, which is a weak inhibitor of JMJD3 (IC50 > 100 μM), making it an ideal negative control molecule.

An NMDA open-channel blocker (Ki = 1.2 μM at -60 mV) and uncompetitive antagonist with known anti-Parkinsonian, anti-epileptic, anti-stroke, and anti-Alzheimer’s disease properties; 12 μM blocks 90% of NMDA receptor activity and prevents NMDA-receptor mediated neurotoxicity in rat…

A selective, reversible inhibitor of V-ATPases in mammalian, plant, or fungal cells with an IC₅₀ value in the 4-400 nM range; at 100 nM, the related bafilomycin A1 blocks V-ATPase-mediated acidification of lysosomes during autophagy, preventing protein degradation.

A thiazide-like diuretic that targets the Na+-Cl- cotransporter responsible for salt reabsorption in the distal convoluted tubule of the kidney (IC₅₀ = 0.3 µM in rat); inhibits human carbonic anhydrase isoforms VII, XII, and XIII (Kis = 2.1, 5.4, and 15 nM, respectively).

A certified reference material categorized as a phytocannabinoid; intended for research and forensic applications.

An analog of wortmannin; irreversibly binds PI3K; inhibits recombinant PI3K and mTOR (IC₅₀ = 2.7 and 193 nM, respectively) and prevents the growth of LNCap cells (IC₅₀ = 1.46 μM).

A prodrug that is rapidly catabolized in vivo to 5-fluorouracil when administered by rapid injection; inhibits thymidylate synthase (EC₅₀ = 0.6 nM), interfering with DNA synthesis; used to treat various cancers, particularly metastases to the liver.

An irreversible inhibitor of the H2S synthesizing enzyme cystathionine-γ-lyase (CSE) (IC50 value of 55 µM).

A reversible, cell-permeable inhibitor of GSK3α and GSK3β (IC₅₀ = 0.65 and 0.58 nM, respectively); stimulates glycogen synthase in cells (EC₅₀ = 106 nM), potentiates insulin-dependent glucose transport in isolated muscle strips, and improves glucose disposal in…

A plant hormone with diverse roles in disease resistance, plant development, and response to stresses; regulates gene expression and may contribute to epigenetic changes at the chromatin level.

Features Each vial contains a mixture of standards packaged in amber ampules purged with argon >1 ml provided at the concentration specified in the insert Designed for direct snap and inject use in mass spectrometry applications Ideally suited for method development and as a…

A pan FGFR inhibitor (IC₅₀s = 0.9, 1.4, and 1 nM for FGFR1, FGFR2, and FGFR3, respectively); suppresses proliferation of cancer cells with wild-type FGFR3 overexpression and in an RT112 bladder cancer xenograft mouse model overexpressing wild-type FGFR3.

A dihydropyridine L-type calcium channel blocker that selectively inhibits calcium influx in cardiac and vascular smooth muscle; inhibits calcium-induced contractions in depolarized rat aorta (IC₅₀ = 1.9 nM), displaying a slow rate of association and dissociation in isolated vascular and…

Produced from Ins(1,2,3,5,6)P5 via a minor enzymatic phytate degradation pathway by K. terrigena; moderately effective in opening calcium channels relative to Ins(1,4,5)P3.

PGA2 is a naturally occurring prostaglandin in gorgonian corals where it may function in self defense. It is generally not present in mammals. PGA2 has low biological potency in most bioassays, but it does show some antiviral/antitumor activity. At a 25 µM concentration, PGA2 blocks the cell…

A DNA alkylating agents that induces DNA interstrand and intrastrand crosslinks, cytotoxicity, and apoptosis; inhibits the growth of PC-3 prostate cancer cells with IC₅₀ values of 0.074 or 0.77 μM for sequential dosing or single dosing, respectively.

A selective, reversible inhibitor of vacuolar H+-ATPases (V-ATPases), blocking these proton pumps in mammalian, plant, or fungal cells with an IC50 value in the 4-400 nM range; also inhibits autophagy by preventing vacuolar acidification necessary for autophagosome maturation.

Reversibly inhibits dihyroorotate dehydrogenase, the rate-limiting step in the de novo synthesis of pyrimidines, preventing DNA synthesis of activated lymphocytes (IC₅₀s = 0.09, 3.5, and 12.5 μM for rat, mouse, and human, respectively); also inhibits tyrosine kinases responsible for…

CB-5083 is an orally bioavailable inhibitor of p97 (IC₅₀ = 11 nM), a transitional endoplasmic reticulum ATPase also known as valosin-containing protein (VCP). It disrupts cellular protein homeostasis and demonstrates anti-tumor activity in hematological and solid tumor models. CB-5083…

An analytical reference material categorized as a phytocannabinoid; intended for research and forensic applications

A reversible inhibitor of PAD4 (IC50 = 50 nM) that binds to the low-calcium form of the enzyme; blocks the citrullination of PAD4 target proteins in human neutrophils and inhibits the formation of NETs in both mouse and human neutrophils.

CYP1B1 is mainly an extrahepatic enzyme which oxidatively metabolizes both endogenous (steroids; eicosanoids) and exogenous xenobiotics such as polyaromatic hydrocarbons. TMS is a potent and selective inhibitor of CYP1B1, with an IC50 of 6 nM. It is 50-fold selective for the inhibition of CYP1B1…

A mixture of compounds that can be isolated from plants in the genus Cannabis; designed for use as a reference standard for these major controlled substances during routine analytical checks using HPLC-UV or LC- or GC-MS instrumentation; provided as a

A cyclic polypeptide-containing anticancer antibiotic that binds to DNA and blocks transcription by interfering with RNA synthesis; ~10 nM promotes cell death in a variety of tumors.

A selective, irreversible inhibitor of BTK (IC₅₀ = 0.5 nM in vitro in B cell lymphoma cell lines) that targets and covalently binds to BTK at cysteine-481; inhibits osteoclast function and reduces osteoclast-stimulated proliferation of multiple myeloma cells in animal models of…

A prominent amino-acyl endocannabinoid isolated from rat brain during lipidomics profiling that may activate TRPV1 and TRPV4.

Hydroxy linoleins are a mixture of 132 possible isomers of mono-, di-, and tri-hydroxy compounds produced by the autoxidation of trilinolein and subsequent reduction of the hydroperoxides. Autoxidation of linoleic acid containing triglycerides (i.e., trilinolein) in vivo could result in the…

A polypeptide antibiotic effective against Gram-negative bacteria, including P. aeruginosa, A. baumannii, and K. pneumoniae.

An inhibitor of PAD4 deimination activity (IC50 = 5.9 μM) that also inhibits PAD1 and PAD3 (IC50 = 0.8 and 6.2 μM, respectively); dose dependently decreases the citrulline content in serum and joints and reduces the development of IgG autoantibodies in a CIA mouse model of inflammatory arthritis.