Benzyl isothiocyanate (BITC) is an isothiocyanate originally found in cruciferous vegetables that exhibits immunomodulatory, anti-parasitic, antibiotic, antioxidative, anti-atherosclerotic, anti-angiogenic, anti-metastatic, anticancer chemotherapeutic, and chemopreventive activities. BITC inhibits…

3-Tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanisole (3-BHA) is one component of butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA). This compound is commonly used as a food additive; it exhibits antioxidative and anticancer activities. In leukemia cells, 3-BHA decreases the mitochondrial membrane potential, inhibits mitochondrial oxidative…

Apramycin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic originally produced by Streptomyces. Apramycin is clinically used in veterinary medicine. This compound binds 16S rRNA of the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit, causing conformational changes in CA and GA base pairs and inhibiting RNA translocation.

AZT is a thymidine nucleoside analog that inhibits reverse transcriptase and is clinically used to treat HIV/AIDS. AZT inhibits viral DNA synthesis, preventing viral replication; at high doses, it may inhibit DNA polymerase. Use of AZT is often limited

Betamethasone valerate (BMV) is a synthetic glucocorticoid that is commonly used to treat psoriasis and dermatitis. BMV exhibits immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, and vasoconstrictive activity in vitro and in vivo. Across animal models of varying ages, BMV impairs maturation and viability of…

Amyloid-ß (Aß) is a peptide cleavage product of amyloid precursor protein (APP) that is often used as a biomarker in Alzheimer’s disease. Misfolded Aß oligomers instigate conformation changes in other, normally folded Aß oligomers, increasing the number of misfolded proteins and eventually forming…

C59 is a PORCN inhibitor that exhibits anticancer chemotherapeutic activity, inhibiting the progression of mammary tumors in vivo by downregulating Wnt signaling. Grade: ≥98%

Bromosporine is an inhibitor of BET bromodomains (BRDs) BRD2, BRD4, BRD9, and CECR2; it may exhibit anticancer potential.

Anabaenopeptins are cyclopentapeptides found in cyanobacteria such as Microcystis aeruginosa and Oscillatoria agardhii. Anabaenopeptins and other cyanotoxins are typically inhibitors of serine proteases and protein phosphatases (PPs). Anabaenopeptins may also inhibit carboxypeptidases.…

ß-Carotene is a red-orange terpene pigment originally found in various plants and fruits; it is a prodrug for vitamin A. ß-Carotene exhibits antioxidative, cytoprotective, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-hyperlipidemic, and anti-obesity activities. ß-Carotene is used in research models to…

Amyloid-ß (Aß) is a peptide cleavage product of amyloid precursor protein (APP) that is often used as a biomarker in Alzheimer’s disease. Misfolded Aß oligomers instigate conformation changes in other, normally folded Aß oligomers, increasing the number of misfolded proteins and eventually forming…

Chlorambucil is a nitrogen mustard anticancer chemotherapeutic that acts as an alkylating agent. Chlorambucil is clinically used to treat chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL).,

Chenodeoxycholic acid is an endogenous bile acid synthesized by the liver; it acts as an agonist at the farnesoid X receptor (FXR). Chenodeoxycholic acid exhibits anticancer and gastrointestinal motility modulating activities. This compound treats chronic constipation and displays protective…

Aristolochic acid A is a carcinogenic compound found in Aristolochia and Radix that has commonly been used in traditional Chinese medicine. This compound inhibits phospholipase A2 (PLA2) and decreases GABA-induced release of arachidonic acid and phosphatidylcholine as well as exocytosis in vitro.

Ceftiofur is a third generation β-lactam antibacterial used in livestock. Like other similar antibiotics, ceftiofur inhibits synthesis of bacterial cell walls by inhibiting penicillin binding proteins. Ceftiofur also displays anti-inflammatory activity. In vivo, this compound decreases…

Biotin is a water-soluble B vitamin (vitamin B7) that may be found in many foods but is also administered as a dietary supplement. Biotin is a coenzyme involved in the synthesis of fatty acids, isoleucine, and valine; it also plays a role in gluconeogenesis. Biotin may be found attached to lysine…

Aflatoxins are mycotoxins found in foods and livestock feeds that were initially produced by species of Aspergillus. Aflatoxin B2 is cytotoxic; it inhibits DNA synthesis and induces cell cycle arrest.

Caffeic acid is a hydroxycinnamic acid found in coffee, argan oil, Eucaplyptus, Salvinia, and Phellinus; it exhibits antioxidative, anti-diabetic, antibiotic, anti-inflammatory, anti-metastatic, and anticancer activities. Caffeic acid inhibits activity of a-amylase and a-glucosidase. This compound…

Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) is an endogenous neuropeptide that exhibits anti-inflammatory, anti-resorptive, anxiogenic, neuroprotective, and pro-angiogenic activities. In animal models of livery injury, CGRP displays protective benefit, decreasing pro-inflammatory cytokine levels. CGRP…

Besifloxacin is a fourth generation fluoroquinolone antibiotic that displays broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against aerobic and anaerobic bacteria and is effective against a wide range of ocular pathogens that exhibit resistance to other fluoroquinolone antibiotics. Besifloxacin inhibits DNA…

L-Ascorbic acid is a vitamin C compound that can be found in many food and plant sources. L-Ascorbic acid exhibits antioxidative benefit and reducing activity; in vitro, it can act as a prolyl hydroxylase cofactor. Grade; ≥98%

Carbenoxolone is a synthetic derivative of the active component of licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra) and is most well known for its ability to inhibit gap junction connexin channels and 11ß-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase. Carbenoxolone displays a wide variety of beneficial properties, including…

L-Citrulline is a by product of NO formation from metabolism of L-arginine that exhibits tocolytic and antioxidative activities. L-Citrulline was originally found in watermelon. In isolated rat uteri, L-citrulline decreases uterine contractile force through stimulation of the NO-cGMP relaxant…

Butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) is commonly used as a food and cosmetics additive; it exhibits antioxidative and anti-inflammatory activities. BHT may also display neuroprotective benefit, decreasing ethanol-induced brain damage and neurodegeneration and suppressing activation of NF-?B activation…

Aspartame is a dipeptide ester that is used as an artificial sweetener in commercial food production. Aspartame exhibits antibacterial efficacy against Porphyromonas, a periodontal pathogen. In vivo, aspartame also displays antinociceptive activity, increasing latency times in tail flick and paw…

Clodronate is a first-generation non-nitrogen-containing bisphosphonate that is used clinically for its anti-resorptive activity. Clodronate generates formation of a non-hydrolysable ß-? ATP analog that inhibits mitochondrial ADP/ATP translocase and prevents mitochondrial oxygen consumption…

Bicuculline is a neuromodulatory GABA-A receptor antagonist used to study regional variation of GABA receptors and the role of GABA-A receptors in motor disorders, pain, seizure, nociception, anxiety, and memory. Through its inhibition of GABA-A receptors, bicuculline potentiates activation at NMDA…

Cefotaxime is a third generation β-lactam cephalosporin antibiotic. Cefotaxime exhibits antibacterial efficacy against gram positive and gram negative bacteria, inhibiting penicillin binding proteins to prevent peptidoglycan synthesis and bacterial cell wall formation. Cefotaxime is also…

N-Acetyl-S-(N’-phenylthiocarbamoyl)-L-cysteine (PITC) is a cysteine conjugate of N-acetyl-phenylisothiocyanate. Isothiocyanates are typically found in plants of the Brassicaceae family, including broccoli, cabbage, and radish. Isothiocyanates are best known for their antioxidative, anticancer…

This product is a mixture of bleomycin sulfate salts; bleomycin A2 is pictured. Bleomycin is an anticancer chemotherapeutic that binds DNA and induces DNA cleavage and strand breaks; it is highly toxic. Bleomycin A5 is clinically used to treat lymphomas, squamous cell carcinomas, and testicular…

Amyloid-ß (Aß) is a peptide cleavage product of amyloid precursor protein (APP) that is often used as a biomarker in Alzheimer’s disease. Misfolded Aß oligomers instigate conformation changes in other, normally folded Aß oligomers, increasing the number of misfolded proteins and eventually forming…

1,4-Benzoquinone is a precursor used in the synthesis of hydroquinone and is also used as a hydrogen acceptor and oxidant. 1,4-Benzoquinone exhibits anti-inflammatory and antibiotic activities. 1,4-Benzoquinone inhibits 5-lipoxygenase and prevents leukotriene synthesis. Additionally, this compound…