A Ca2+-selective ionophore for biological membranes that can be used in microelectrodes for the determination of resting Ca2+-activities and of slowly changing Ca2+ levels.

A cell permeable, competitive inhibitor of HIF-PH with effective concentrations in the low µM range.

An isomer of Vitamin E that has less potent antioxidant properties than α-tocotrienol.

A more lipid-soluble form of DPA amenable to analysis using gas chromatography; may serve as a prodrug, since it should facilitate uptake of DPA and then be hydrolyzed by esterases to generate the free acid after uptake into cells.

A substrate for cPLA₂.

A fatty acid amide derived from ricinoleic acid and methyl benzylamine that demonstrates potent growth inhibition of glioma (U251), breast (MCF-7), ovarian (NCI-ADR/RES and OVCAR-3), kidney (786-0), non-small cell lung (NCI-H460), and prostate (PC-3) cancer cells with a mean GI50 value of 6.9 µM.

The four tocopherols (α, β, .delta., and γ) and four tocotrienols (α, β, .delta., and γ) are forms of vitamin E, which is known for its antioxidant activity. Tocotrienols are found at high concentrations in palm oil and rice bran. Recent studies show tocotrienols…

Docosatrienoic acid is a rare ω-3 fatty acid not readily detected in normal phospholipid PUFA pools. It inhibits [3H]-LTB4 binding to pig neutrophils at a concentration of 5 µM.

The ethanolamine amide of DHA that has been detected in both brain and retina at concentrations similar to those for AEA; binds to the rat brain CB1 receptor (Ki = 324 nM), which is approximately 10-fold higher than the Ki for AEA; inhibits shaker-related voltage-gated potassium channels in brain…

Thioester analogs of glycerophospholipids, in combination with Ellman’s reagent, are convenient colorimetric substrates for the measurement of phospholipase activity. HEPC is a truncated analog of phosphatidylcholine with the entire sn-1 substituent deleted, and with a hexadecylthioester in…

A naturally occurring phospholipid produced by cells upon inflammatory stimulation; less potent than PAF C-16 and PAF C-18 in the induction of neutrophil chemotaxis, but is equipotent to PAF C-16 and PAF C-18 in promoting eosinophil migration.

A natural monoacylglycerol that is metabolized by monoacylglycerol lipase; an agonist of GPR119 (EC₅₀ = 2.5 µM), stimulating the release of glucagon-like peptide-1 from intestinal L-cells.

Spontaneously hypertensive rats fed a diet which includes γ-tocotrienol show significant reduction of systolic blood pressure and an increase of nitric oxide synthase activity in blood vessels. γ-Tocotrienol at 20 µM induces apoptosis of malignant sympathoadrenal (+SA) murine…

A selective calcium ionophore that mobilizes intracellular calcium stores. It is used as a research tool to raise the intracellular level of calcium, to study calcium transport across biological membranes, and to stimulate the intracellular production of cytokines.

A minor impurity produced in the synthesis of (+)-cloprostenol; 20-fold less active than (+)-cloprostenol in terminating pregnancy in the hamster.

A reversible, competitive thrombin inhibitor (Ki = 5 nM) that shows selectivity for thrombin over other clotting pathway enzymes.

An EPA-containing MAG amide analog that inhibits the growth of human lung carcinoma A549 cells, producing 98.4% growth inhibition when applied at 3 µM; an analog of EPEA, a natural N-acylethanolamide that impacts aging and inflammation.

A natural sesquiterpene that inhibits the proliferation of a wide range of tumors and enhances the effects of various chemotherapies; 10-40 µg/ml dose-dependently induces apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in the G2/M phase in HepG2 cells, upregulating Fas/FasL expression.

Thioetheramide-PC is a structurally modified phospholipid that functions as a competitive, reversible inhibitor of sPLA2. The IC₅₀ value for thioetheramide-PC is 2 µM at a substrate concentration of 0.5 mM. In addition to binding to the catalytic site of sPLA2, thioetheramide-PC…

An alkaloid metabolite of nicotine as well as a major product of its pyrolysis; binds comparably to CYP2A6 and CYP2A13 (Kis = 7.5 and 5.6 µM, respectively), but appears to more effectively inactivate CYP2A6.

An endocannabinoid analog that does not bind to CB1, CB2, or TRPV1; at 5 mg/kg antagonizes the hypotensive effects of a 10 mg/kg IV bolus of abnormal cannabidiol (Abn-CBD) in an anesthetized rat blood pressure model; relaxes isolated rat mesenteric arteries and abdominal aorta, and increases the…

A structural analog of capsaicin, which is the noxious active component of hot peppers of the Capsicum genus, and the amide of vanillylamine and oleic acid; acts as an agonist at TRPV1, inducing desensitization analgesia in rat and mouse models of pain; potentiates the agonist activity of…

A fluorescently-tagged probe consisting of C-10 ceramide with an AV group attached to the end of the acyl chain.

The second most potent CB1 receptor agonist in the methanandamide series (Ki = 26 nM for the CB1 receptor); less prone to FAAH inactivation and inhibits the murine vas deferens twitch response (IC₅₀ = 47 nM).

A CB analog with a methyl group in the (R) configuration at C-2 of the ethanolamine group; is not a FAAH inhibitor and is nearly as susceptible to amide hydrolysis as AEA itself.

A coniferyl ester that acts as a partial agonist of TRPV1 (EC₅₀ = 3.2 µM), eliciting only 20% of the maximum response induced by capsaicin.

An agonist of GPR199 that is effective both in isolated cells and in vivo; increases cAMP levels in HEK293 cells transfected with human GPR119 (EC50 = 2.5 μM) and promotes glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in mice (100 mg/kg).

2-O-methyl PAF C-16 is a synthetic PAF analog which contains a methyl group, attached by an ether linkage, at the sn-2 position. Although the biological activities of 2-O-methyl PAF C-16 have not been well characterized, the C-18 analog has been shown to mediate a number of biological responses…

Mono-unsaturated fatty acids are components of the cellular membranes of autotrophic bacteria. The specific composition and abundance of membrane fatty acids can be used to identify specific genera of bacterial populations in natural environments (e.g., mining lakes, etc.). cis-7-Hexadecenoic acid…

A synthetic analog of natural PC species containing saturated C8:O fatty acids in the sn-1 and sn-2 positions of the glycerol backbone.

An ω-6 isomer of docosapentaenoic acid formed by the elongation and desaturation of arachidonic acid; diminished during fatty acid desaturase syndrome and increased in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.

A chromogenic PLA2 substrate that contains an ether-linked saturated C16 moiety at the sn-1 position and a thiol ester at the sn-2 position.