A natural retinoid that associates with CRBP-I and CRBP-II (Kds = 50 and 90 nM, respectively), which are involved in the intracellular transport of retinol; an intermediate of the phototransduction pathway of photoreceptors; can form toxic conjugates with proteins and lipids, leading to…

Concentration: 18% w/w in Methanol Composition: Methyl Alcohol 82%, Nitric Acid 12.60%, Water 5.40% Boiling Point: Approximately 64°C Density: 0.9 Melting Point: Color: Colorless to light yellow liquid Physical State: Liquid Flash Point: 16°C pH Range: Solubility Information:…

8-iso PGF2β is an isomer of PGF2α with a non-enzymatic, non-cyclooxygenase origin. It is one of 64 possible isomers of PGF2α which can be produced by free radical peroxidation of arachidonic acid. 8-iso PGF2β exhibits very weak contraction of human umbilical vein artery and…

A selective calcium ionophore that mobilizes intracellular calcium stores. It is used as a research tool to raise the intracellular level of calcium, to study calcium transport across biological membranes, and to stimulate the intracellular production of cytokines.

A natural alkaloid with antiviral properties, inhibiting the replication of hepatitis B alone and in combination with lamivudine; prevents fibrosis in a number of organs including liver, at least in part by interfering with TGF-β signaling.

A staurosporine derivative that binds to dephosphorylated c-Met kinase and to the colchicine binding site of tubulin; promotes mitotic arrest and apoptosis of various human tumor cell lines (EC₅₀s ranging from 60-600 nM).

A broad spectrum antibiotic that is in the β-lactam subclass known as carbapenems; effective against many Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria and is more effective against P. aeruginosa than other carbapenems; not effective against MSRA.

An inhibitor of DPP-4 (IC₅₀ = 3.5-34 nM); also inhibits DPP-8 and DPP-9 (Ki = 810 and 95 nM, respectively) but not DPP-2 or FAPα; blocks the degradation of several circulating peptides, including incretins; reduces fasting and postprandial glucose levels and decreases inflammatory…

A peptide antagonist of PAR2 which blocks activation by trypsin (IC₅₀ = ~50 μM) but not by the synthetic agonist SLIGRL-NH2; does not affect thrombin-induced activation of PAR1 or trypsin-mediated proteolysis of casein; used to study PAR2 action in cells and in animals.

A bile salt formed in the liver by conjugation of cholic acid with taurine that can be used to solubilize lipids and membrane-bound proteins.

A major oxysterol formed from cholesterol by CYP3A4/5; used as a marker for CYP3A4/5 activity.

Unnatural C-15 epimer of Travoprost.

PGF1β is the C-9 epimer of PGF1α. It was shown to enhance respiratory rate in experimental animals when administered intravenously.

A synthetic glucocorticoid that binds the human glucocorticoid receptor with a higher affinity than a natural ligand, cortisol (Kd = 5 vs. 17 nM, respectively); has anti-inflammatory effects.

A cell permeable, peptide aldehyde inhibitor of calpain I (Ki = 120 nM), calpain II (Ki = 230 nM), cathepsin B (Ki = 100 nM), and cathepsin L (Ki = 0.6 nM).

A stable, potent analog of erbstatin; inhibits EGFR tyrosine kinase in vitro with an IC50 of 0.14 µg/ml; inhibits EGF-stimulated growth in NIH3T3 cells with an IC50 value of 0.5 µg/ml; delays onset of EGF-induced DNA synthesis.

A cell-permeable, competitive, and irreversible inhibitor of all caspases, inhibiting cleavage of PARP and preventing apoptosis when used at 10-50 µM; blocks caspase-mediated apoptosis in vivo; effectively prevents caspase action in inflammasomes.

A substrate for polyamine oxidase that is oxidized to 3-acetamidopropanal and putrescine, a polyamine involved in the division, differentiation, and membrane function of cells; used to examine the interaction between DNA and polyamines during the cleavage of phosphodiester bonds at…

Inhibits microtubule polymerization (IC₅₀ =3.2 μM) by binding to tubulin, which disrupts spindle formation during mitosis; blocks the growth of MCF-7 human breast carcinoma cells (IC₅₀ = 13 nM); inhibits neutrophil motility and activity (5 μmol/kg in a mouse model of…

(±)5-HETE is one of the six monohydroxy fatty acids produced by the non-enzymatic oxidation of arachidonic acid. It contains equal amounts of 5(S)-HETE and 5(R)-HETE. (±)5-HETE induces the aggregation of isolated neutrophils with an IC₅₀ value of 200 nM.

An analog of (±)14(15)-EpEDE with greater lipid solubility than the free base.

A naturally-occurring but uncommon form of sphingosine, accounting for approximately 13% of the sphingosine in human skin; can be phosphorylated by sphingosine kinases to produce C-17 sphingosine-1-phosphate.

A selective IGF-1R inhibitor (IC₅₀ = 0.17 µM); inhibits tumor proliferation both in vitro and in a mouse model of multiple myeloma.

A verapamil derivative that dose-dependently blocks calcium uptake via Na+/Ca2+ exchange in diverse types of cells (Ki = 28 µM); also prevents calcium release from mitochondria induced by Ruthenium Red but not by uncouplers, respiratory inhibitors, or a chelating agent.

A regioisomeric resveratrol metabolite that may be used as a reference standard for accurate determination of the metabolic profile of resveratrol.

11-deoxy PGE2 is a stable, synthetic analog of PGE2. In contrast to PGE2 which has bronchodilation effects, 11-deoxy PGE2 is a powerful bronchoconstrictor and is 5 to 30 times more potent than PGF2α in the contraction of human respiratory tract smooth muscle in vitro.

A fluorogenic substrate of palmitoyl-protein thioesterase.

Diethylstilbestrol (DES) is a synthetic estrogen receptor agonist that was prescribed to pregnant women in the late 1930s. It was banned in 1971 because of possible links to increased risk of breast cancer in mothers along with congenital abnormalities and increased risk of cancer in offspring. DES…

A potent, reversible, ATP-competitive, thiazolidinedione inhibitor of PI3Kα (IC50 = 2 nM) and the common activating mutants of p100α (E542K, E545K, and H1047R) found in cancer; prevents proliferation in BT474 tumor xenografts and reduces MAPK signaling with twice daily dosing at 25 mg/kg.

Arachidonic acid is converted by microsomal CYP450 enzymes to a variety of epoxides, ω-1 and ω-hydroxylated compounds via what is known as the epoxidase pathway. PPOH is a selective inhibitor of the epoxygenation reactions catalyzed by specific CYP450 isozymes. PPOH inhibits the…

An EpEDE acid formed from DGLA, either by a strong oxidizing agent or by cytochrome P450 epoxygenases; biological properties are poorly understood.

An endogenous, maturation-inducing steroid that at 1 µg/ml induces germinal vesicle breakdown in oocytes from several teleost species; can also influence spermiation by stimulating milt production when administered at 5 mg/kg to various male teleosts.