The level of dissolved oxygen in natural waters is often a direct indication of quality, since aquatic plants produce oxygen, while microorganisms generally consume it as they feed on pollutants. At low temperatures the solubility of oxygen is increased; during summer, saturation levels can be as…

Phosphorus occurs naturally in rock formations in the earth's crust, usually as phosphate. High phosphate concentrations in surface waters may indicate fertilizer runoff, domestic waste discharge, or the presence of industrial effluents or detergents. Although phosphates from these sources are…

Hydrogen peroxide is a strong oxidizing agent with a variety of uses. Applications include the treating of industrial effluents and domestic waste and serving as a disinfectant in aseptic packaging. For the food and beverage industry, CHEMetrics Hydrogen Peroxide CHEMets® and…

Because of its strong oxidizing properties, chlorine is an excellent biocide used to treat potable waters, municipal wastes, and swimming pools. When used to treat potable water, chlorine helps alleviate the adverse effects of iron, manganese, ammonia, and sulfide. The Maximum Residual Disinfectant…