β-estradiol is a potent mammalian estrogenic hormone produced by the ovary. Triggers the production of gonadotropins leading to ovulation. β-Estradiol is used to study cell differentiation and transformations (tumorigenicity). The pharmacology and HPLC determination of β-Estradiol…

Cholesterol is the principal sterol of the higher animals, found in all body tissues. It is the main constituent of gallstones and all biological membranes. Approximately 25% of total brain lipid is cholesterol. Cholesterol, followed by the chemical suffix -ol for an alcohol, is an organic chemical…

Cholesterol is the principal sterol of the higher animals, found in all body tissues. It is the main constituent of gallstones and all biological membranes. Approximately 25% of total brain lipid is cholesterol. Cholesterol is suitable for use in liposome preparations.

D-myo-Inositol is a growth factor for animals as well as microorganisms. Myo-Inositol is the most abundant form of polyols that serves as a structural element of secondary messengers in eukaryotic cells. Inositol or cyclohexane-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexol is a chemical compound, a sixfold alcohol (polyol) of…

Caffeine is a well-known drug commonly used as a mild stimulant, found in dietary sources such as coffee, tea, and cocoa. A central nervous system stimulant believed to act through adenosine receptors and monoamine neurotransmitters. It is an adenosine receptor antagonist and adenosine…

Hydrocortisone, a primary glucocorticoid secreted by the adrenal cortex. It has three times the anti-inflammatory potency of corticosterone but much lower Na2+ retention potency. Hydrocortisone, known more formally as cortisone (INN, USAN, BAN), is a steroid hormone, produced by the zona…

Valproic Acid, Sodium Salt is a branched chain fatty acid which is reported to enhance central GABAergic neurotransmission and inhibit Na+ channels. Sodium Valproate is reported to cause inositol depletion, activate the ERK pathway, inhibit GSK-3α and GSK-3β. Valproic Acid has been…

Hydrocortisone 21 acetate is a drug which inhibits or suppresses most inflammatory responses of an allergic, bacterial, traumatic or anaphylactic origin, as well as being immunosuppressant. They include the corticosteroids (e.g. betamethasone, dexamethasone, fluorometholone, hydrocortisone acetate,…

(+/-)-Epinephrine is also known as adrenaline and is a hormone as well as a neurotransmitter that is part of a group of monoamines called catecholamines. It is used medically to treat a number of cardiac and respiratory conditions as well as serving as a local anesthetic. …