Arachidonic acid is the keystone essential fatty acid at the origin of the arachidonic acid cascade. It is converted by cyclooxygenase, lipoxygenase, and epoxygenase enzymes into more than one hundred fifty different potent primary autacoid metabolites in species ranging from fungi to plants to…

C-8 ceramide-1-phosphate is a short-chain analog of the naturally occurring ceramide-1-phosphate. The effects of C-8 ceramide-1-phosphate are essentially the opposite of C-8 ceramide; it induces DNA synthesis and cell division. The effects of C-8 ceramide-1-phosphate can be attenuated by…

One of the oxLDL species derived from 2-arachidonoyl or eicosapentanoyl phospholipids; confers CD36 scavenger receptor binding affinity of oxLDL.

An isothiocyanate that potently induces chemopreventative enzymes via Keap1-Nrf2 signaling and ARE-driven gene expression; at 15 μM, inhibits class I and II HDAC activity and suppresses tumor growth selectively in cancerous prostate epithelial cells without affecting normal cells.

A lipid peroxidation product derived from oxidized ω-3 fatty acids such as DHA.

A hybrid molecule patterned after arachidonoyl serotonin; the biological effects of eicosapentaenoyl serotonin are unknown.

An isothiocyanate derived from cruciferous vegetables that has significant antiapoptotic and antioxidant effects in various cancer cells.

A selective CB2 receptor ligand with Ki values of 0.47 and 0.081 µM for human CB1 and CB2 receptors, respectively.

Arachidonic acid ethyl ester is a more lipophilic form of arachidonic acid that can be incorporated into dietary regimens or fed to cultured cells as a source of exogenous arachidonate. It is one of the fatty acid ethyl esters that increase cytosolic Ca2+ concentration leading to pancreatic acinar…

PAF C-18 is a naturally occurring phospholipid produced upon stimulation through two distinct pathways known as the “remodeling” and 'de novo' pathways. It is less potent than PAF C-16 in the induction of platelet aggregation, but equipotent in activation of guinea pig…

Arachidonic acid leelamide is the arachidonic amide analog of leelamine. Leelamine has weak affinity for the human CB1 and CB2 receptors, exhibiting 20% displacement of [3H]-CP55940 at a concentration of 10 µM. Leelamine inhibits PDK with an IC50 value of 9.5 µM. Derivatives of…

A chromogenic substrate for many PLA2s including sPLA2, cPLA2, and iPLA2.

Docosahexaenoyl PAF C-16 is a PAF analog which contains docosahexaenoate at the sn-2 position rather than the acetate moiety found in PAF C-16. Docosahexaenoyl PAF C-16 can be oxidatively fragmented resulting in the production of phospholipids with PAF-like activity.

Dihomo-γ-linolenoyl PAF C-16 is a PAF analog which contains dihomo-γ-linolenoate at the sn-2 position rather than the acetate moiety found in PAF C-16. The biological activities of dihomo-γ-linolenoyl PAF C-16 are not known at present, but may be similar to arachidonoyl PAF C-16…

A naturally occurring PUFA formed through a 2-carbon chain elongation of arachidonic acid; present in the adrenal glands, brain, testis, and kidney.

Oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) particles contain low molecular weight species which are cytotoxic and pro-atherogenic. Many of these substances were isolated and purified from oxLDL and identified as phosphatidylcholine species containing a fragmented, oxidized short-chain fatty acid…

An inhibitor of SPHK and a natural metabolite of sphingosine in some cancer cell lines and tissues; inhibits SPHK from U937 cells with a Ki value of 3.1 µM.

Phytanic acid is a saturated 20-carbon branched-chain fatty acid which can only be derived from dietary sources. In cases of peroxisomal disorders, elevated levels of phytanic acid have been observed, and this is linked to diseases such as infantile phytanic acid storage disease and Refsum’s disease.

Several different arachidonoyl amino acids, including NAGABA, have been isolated and characterized from bovine brain. The glycine congener (NAGly) was found to suppress formalin-induced pain in rats. NAGABA also suppresses normal responses to pain, but has not yet been fully characterized.

Pinolenic acid is a PUFA found in Korean pine (Pinus orientalis) and maritime pine (Pinus pinaster) seed oils. Both oils have been found to have lipid-lowering properties. A diet containing maritime pine seed oil (MPSO) lowered HDL and ApoA1 levels in transgenic mice expressing human ApoA1. MPSO…

A polyunsaturated triacylglycerol with arachidonoyl (20:4) side-chains attached at the C-1, C-2, and C-3 positions that is useful in lipid research.

CLA refers to a family of 8 geometric isomers of linoleic acid in which the two double bonds are contiguous. (The predominant form of linoleic acid in nature, 18:ω6, has double bonds at 9 and 12, interrupted by a methylene carbon.) CLA is found in both meat and dairy products, but it is not…

A selective, irreversible propargylamine inhibitor of MAO-B (IC₅₀s = 4.43 and 412 nM for MAO-B and MAO-A, respectively) that has been used to increase the availability of dopamine at striatal receptors as a strategy to treat Parkinson’s disease.

Diheptanoyl Thio-PC is a substrate for all PLA2s with the exception of cPLA2 and PAF-AH. Interaction of this compound with a PLA2 results in cleavage of the sn-2 fatty acid generating a free thiol on the lysophospholipid. This free thiol can be detected using chromogenic substrates such as DTNB…

1-Oleoyl LPA is a species of LPA containing oleic acid at the sn-1 position. Phosphatidic acid is produced either directly through the action of PLD or through a two step process involving liberation of DAG by PLC followed by phosphorylation of DAG by diglycerol kinase. Hydrolysis of the fatty acid…

A PAF receptor agonist with potency comparable to PAF C-18 and PAF C-16; chromogenic substrate used in Cayman’s PAF-AH Assay Kit (Item No. 760901).

The optically active enantiomer of fluprostenol.

A sulforaphane analog found in cruciferous vegetables that demonstrates potent anti-inflammatory effects; doubles the phase II enzyme quinone reductase activity in mouse hepatoma cells at 1.7 µM; inhibits degradation of IκBα, NF-κB p65 translocation to the nucleus, IRAK…

At 0.1-10 µM, .delta.-tocotrienol significantly suppresses H2O2-induced cell death of rat striatal neurons and provides protection against S-nitrocysteine-induced cell death and SIN-1 cytotoxicity in a concentration dependant manner. At concentrations of 10 µM, .delta.-tocotrienol…

14(Z)-Eicosenoic acid is a monounsaturated fatty acid. It is found in small quantities in marine life including the sponge (Tedania dirhaphis) and goldfish (Carassius auratus). Potentially it could be the product of fatty acid chain elongation of 12(Z)-oleic acid.

Arachidonoyl PAF C-16 is the product of acylation of lyso-PAF C-16 by a CoA-independent transacylase. It is the most common precursor for formation of PAF C-16 by the remodeling pathway.

Leelamine is a diterpene molecule whose name derives from the Sanskrit word leela which means "play". It has weak affinity for the human CB1 and CB2 receptors, exhibiting 20% displacement of [3H]-CP55940 at a concentration of 10 µM.{14127} Leelamine inhibits pyruvate dehydrogenase…