A dye that is commonly used in laboratories to stain or quantify proteins; typically gives blue bands on a clear background with a sensitivity of 50-100 ng/band; displays metachromasia by appearing pink-red, rather than blue, when binding certain proteins, such as collagen and histone H1.

A non-selective blocker of voltage-dependent K+-channels (Kv channels) that has greatest potency at Kv1 and Kv3 family members (IC₅₀s = 290, 590, 195, 13, 29, and 100 µM for subunits 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 3.1, and 3.2, respectively); also blocks Kv2 and Kv4 subunits at millimolar concentrations.

Lecithin is the major membrane phospholipid in eukaryotic cells. In addition to being the major structural component of cellular membranes, it serves as a reservoir for several lipid messengers. It is the source of the bioactive lipids lysophosphatidylcholine, phosphatidic acid, diacylglycerol,…

A potent antioxidant that inhibits the oxidation of cholesterol in LDL and HDL by impairing the translocation of ABCA1 from intracellular compartments to the plasma membrane.

An intermediate in the synthesis of tetrahydrofolic acid in many non-mammalian organisms, including bacteria and fungi; metabolized by a variety of enzymes in mammals, including N-acetyltransferases; may also be utilized by bacteria or fungi that are living in mammalian organisms.

A naturally occurring O-methylated phenolic acid that can be enzymatically degraded by some bacteria as a source of methane or methanol; inhibits aldose reductase (IC₅₀ = 213 µg/ml), proteasome activity, and cancer cell proliferation.

An agonist of α2 adrenergic receptors (Ki = 194 nM); used for sedation, anesthesia, and analgesia in non-human mammals.

β-estradiol is a potent mammalian estrogenic hormone produced by the ovary. Triggers the production of gonadotropins leading to ovulation. β-Estradiol is used to study cell differentiation and transformations (tumorigenicity). The pharmacology and HPLC determination of β-Estradiol…

A trace amine that activates TAAR1 (EC₅₀s = 0.08, 0.69, and 2.26 µM for rat, mouse, and human-rat chimera receptors, respectively); inhibits the release of norepinephrine and dopamine (IC₅₀s = 40.6 and 119 nM, respectively).

Catechin is a polyphenolic flavonoid which has been isolated from a variety of natural sources including tea leaves, grape seeds, and the wood and bark of trees such as acacia and mahogany. Catechin is a more potent antioxidant than ascorbate or α-tocopherol in certain in vitro lipid…

A flavone that modulates xenobiotic metabolism; antagonizes AhR at nanomolar concentrations, although it agonizes AhR at higher concentrations (10 µM); inhibits CYP19, CYP1A1, CYP1A2, and CYP1B1 (IC₅₀s = 500, 60, 6, and 5 nM, respectively), whereas it activates CYP3A4 (Kd = 7.4 µM).

Cholesterol is the principal sterol of the higher animals, found in all body tissues. It is the main constituent of gallstones and all biological membranes. Approximately 25% of total brain lipid is cholesterol. Cholesterol, followed by the chemical suffix -ol for an alcohol, is an organic chemical…

An an antimicrobial agent that is often used in antiseptics and dental products such as toothpaste and mouthwash; inhibits MMP-2, -8, and -9.

Sodium butyrate is an inhibitor of histone deacetylases (HDACs) that exhibits antidepressant, immunomodulatory, and anticancer activities. In animals undergoing the light dark test, tail suspension test, and forced swim test, sodium butyrate decreases restraint stress-induced depression. In…

A first generation histamine H1 receptor antagonist (Ki = 2.6 nM) that also inhibits muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (Ki = 22 nM); penetrates the CNS, depressing central H1 receptor activity, which may relate to its sedative properties.

An inhibitor of fibrinolysis that blocks the interaction of plasmin with fibrin (IC₅₀ = 3.1 µM).

A red/orange-colored fat-soluble terpenoid with antioxidant properties; can be cleaved to produce vitamin A and retinoic acid.

A cyclic diacyl hydrazide that exhibits chemiluminescence upon oxidation; HRP combined with H₂O₂ causes luminescent peroxidation of luminol; can also be oxidized, and chemiluminesce, by compounds containing iron, copper, gold, and cyanide.

Induces protein expression where the gene is under the control of the lac operator by triggering transcription of the lac operon in cloning procedures.

Commonly used as a pH indicator, a color marker in agarose or polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and a dye to detect proteins and nucleic acids (absorbance at 610 nm), particularly when staining living tissues.

Aceclofenac is a diclofenac analog that exhibits anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities. Aceclofenac is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) that somewhat selectively inhibits COX-2; it is clinically used to treat rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, and ankylosing spondylitis.…

An unsaturated fatty acid found in royal jelly produced from the hypopharyngeal and mandibular gland secretions of honeybees; isolated in conjunction with 10-HDA (Item No. 10976) and both demonstrate weak estrogenic activity, inhibiting binding of 17β-estradiol (Item No. ISO60155) to estrogen…

A synthetic intermediate useful for pharmaceutical synthesis.

Guaiacol is a phenolic natural product first isolated from Guaiac resin and the oxidation of lignin. Guaiacol is readily oxidized by the heme iron of peroxidases including the peroxidase of COX enzymes. It can therefore serve as a reducing co-substrate for COX reactions. The one-electron oxidation…

Cholesterol is the principal sterol of the higher animals, found in all body tissues. It is the main constituent of gallstones and all biological membranes. Approximately 25% of total brain lipid is cholesterol. Cholesterol is suitable for use in liposome preparations.

A common C-12 saturated far plentiful in coconut and other nut oils.

Cimetidine is an antihistamine that inhibits H2 histamine receptors, exhibiting antacid and anticancer chemotherapeutic activities. Cimetidine inhibits catalase activity and also acts as an antagonist at androgen receptors. Cimetidine increases the efficacy of chemotherapeutic compounds when…

A common 16-carbon saturated fatty acid that represents 10-20% of the normal human dietary fat intake.

A derivative of thiouracil which has long been used to correct hyperthyroidism; also used as a genetic marker for taste, since only some people detect it as a bitter taste.

A precursor to Vitamin K2 that is capable of both redox cycling and arylating nucleophilic substrates by Michael addition; used as an antihemorrhagic agent and to inhibit the proliferation of various cancer cells.

A nonspecific, irreversible inhibitor of serine proteases and other enzymes, including acetylcholinesterase, palmityl coenzyme A deacylase, arylsulfatase A, chymotrypsin, and trypsin; also known to block anandamide metabolism, which produces CB effects in mice, including antinociception,…

An antibacterial antibiotic that acts by interfering directly with the biosynthesis of peptidoglycan, which constitutes the major component of the bacterial cell wall, leading to structural instability and death of bacteria; used as a selective antibiotic for resistant bacteria.