Biologically Active Small Molecules, 1 mg, UN3462
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Ochratoxin A
Cayman ChemicalA mycotoxin produced by A. ochraceus, A. carbonarius, and P. verrucosum that is commonly found as a food contaminant (Tolerable Weekly Intake = 100 ng/kg body weight per day); triggers nephropathy, induces renal adenomas, and initiates skin tumors through events involving oxidative stress,…
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T-2 Toxin
Cayman ChemicalA trichothecene mycotoxin that can infect grain crops causing alimentary toxic aleukia in humans and animals; inhibits protein synthesis, disrupts membrane phospholipid metabolism, increases lipid peroxides in the liver, and is highly cytotoxic to macrophages (IC50 = 19.47 nM), altering the…
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a-Amanitin
Cayman ChemicalA mycotoxin that selectively inhibits RNA polymerase II (1 µg/ml), preventing translocation of the enzymes on DNA; used in molecular biology to distinguish among types of RNA polymerase in a sample and to arrest RNA synthesis in transcription studies.
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Aureothin
Cayman ChemicalA natural nitroaryl-substituted polyketide that exhibits antitumor, antifungal, and insecticidal activities; non-competitive inhibitor NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase of bovine heart, N. crassa, and E. coli (IC50s = 0.07, 0.08, and 22 nmol/mg protein, respectively).
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Bafilomycin B1
Cayman ChemicalA selective, reversible inhibitor of V-ATPases in mammalian, plant, or fungal cells with an IC50 value in the 4-400 nM range; at 100 nM, the related bafilomycin A1 blocks V-ATPase-mediated acidification of lysosomes during autophagy, preventing protein degradation.
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Tetrodotoxin
Cayman ChemicalA potent marine-derived neurotoxin that reversibly inhibits the inward sodium current through NaV channels (IC50s = 4.1 and 5.2 nM, respectively, in frog muscle and squid axon; Kd = 1.8 nM in rat brain), blocking nerve and muscle action potentials.
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Aflatoxin B1
Cayman ChemicalNaturally occuring mycotoxin and food contaminant that induces the transversion of G to T at codon 249 of the p53 tumor suppressor gene and is a likely pathogen that causes hepatocellular carcinoma.
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HT-2 Toxin
Cayman ChemicalAn active, deacetylated metabolite of T-2 toxin; inhibits protein synthesis and cell proliferation in plants; causes acute and chronic toxic effects in animals that ingest contaminated plant materials.
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T-2 Tetraol
Cayman ChemicalA group A trichothecene mycotoxin derived by the metabolism of T-2 toxin.
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Aflatoxin M1
Cayman ChemicalA natural oxidative metabolic of the mycotoxin aflatoxin B1; produced from aflatoxin B1 in mammals and then secreted in milk.
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Tetrodotoxin Citrate
Cayman ChemicalA potent marine-derived neurotoxin that reversibly inhibits the inward sodium current through NaV channels (IC50s = 4.1 and 5.2 nM, respectively, in frog muscle and squid axon; Kd = 1.8 nM in rat brain), blocking nerve and muscle action potentials.
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Echinomycin
Cayman ChemicalA cell-permeable inhibitor of HIF-1-mediated gene transcription which acts by intercalating into DNA in a sequence-specific manner, blocking the binding of either HIF-1α or HIF-1β to the HRE; reversibly inhibits hypoxia-induced HIF-1 transcription activity in U215 cells with an EC50…
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Tunicamycin
Cayman ChemicalA specific inhibitor of N-linked glycoslylation that blocks the first step of glycoprotein synthesis and induces protein unfolding; impairs the function of several receptor tyrosine kinases, including EGFR, ErbB2, ErbB3, IGF-IR, and ALK; radiosensitizes glioma and pancreatic adenocarcinoma cells to…
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7-Aminoactinomycin D
Cayman ChemicalA fluorescent DNA dye that is commonly used for the detection or exclusion of non-viable cells in flow cytometric analysis; exhibits minimal spectral overlap with and can be used with PE and FITC; can also be used to evaluate apoptosis and cell-mediated cytotoxicity, and to stain DNA in cells that…
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Aflatoxin G1
Cayman ChemicalA food contaminant produced by Aspergillus that is associated with toxicity and hepatocarcinogenicity in human and animal populations.
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ß-Amanitin
Cayman ChemicalA mycotoxin that inhibits RNA polymerase II and III but not RNA polymerase I or bacterial RNA polymerase, thus preventing mammalian protein synthesis.
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Citrinin
Cayman ChemicalA mycotoxin found as food contaminants that causes mycotoxic nephropathy in livestock and Balkan nephropathy and yellow rice fever in humans; induces apoptosis, blocks tubulin polymerization, and disrupts mitotic spindle assembly.
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Bafilomycin C1
Cayman ChemicalA selective, reversible inhibitor of V-ATPases in mammalian, plant, or fungal cells.
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Phalloidin
Cayman ChemicalA natural mycotoxin that binds filamentous actin (F-actin) and stabilizes actin fibers; commonly used to stain F-actin in cells when fluorescently labeled.
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Radicicol
Cayman ChemicalA natural product with antibiotic, antifungal, and antimalarial properties; binds and inhibits heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) with nanomolar affinity.
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Gilvocarcin V
Cayman ChemicalAn antitumor antibiotic that inhibits DNA synthesis by promoting the selective cross-linking of both histone H3 and the heat shock protein, GRP78 to DNA when photoactivated by near-UV or visible light.
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Cytochalasin H
Cayman ChemicalA potent inhibitor of actin incorporation into filaments; also increases the steady-state diffusion coefficients of filaments, suggesting that it stimulates filament shortening.
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Roquefortine C
Cayman ChemicalA mycotoxin first isolated from P. roqueforti that displays neurotoxic properties; activates a P-glycoprotein transport system involved in the efflux of xenobiotics and inhibits cytochrome P450 3A detoxification enzymes.
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Concanamycin A
Cayman ChemicalBlocks lysosomal acidification through selective inhibition of the V-type ATPase (EC50 = 2.1-2.3 μM); blocks cell surface expression of viral glycoproteins without affecting their synthesis and, at 0.8 μM, prevents entry of influenza virus into cells.
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Alternariol
Cayman ChemicalA mycotoxin produced by Alternaria molds; induces cytochrome P450 1A1 expression and apoptosis in mouse hepatoma cells (20-40 μM).
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Mitomycin C
Cayman ChemicalAn antitumor antibiotic that crosslinks double stranded DNA and is widely used as a tool to selectively inhibit DNA synthesis and mutagenensis, to stimulate genetic recombination, chromosome breakage and sister chromatid exchange, and to induce DNA repair.
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diacetoxy Scirpenol
Cayman ChemicalA potent, trichothecene mycotoxin produced by certain Fusarium strains that is toxic to fungi, plants, animals, and various mammalian tissue cultures via inhibition de novo protein synthesis.
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CPI-169
Cayman ChemicalA selective EZH2 inhibitor (IC50s = 0.24, 0.51, and 6.1 nM for wild-type EZH2, Y641N mutant EZH2, and wild-type EZH1, respectively); decreases cellular levels of H3K27me3, triggering cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in NHL cell lines (EC50 = 70 nM) and NHL xenografts (200…
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Alamethicin
Cayman ChemicalA membrane active peptide antibiotic of the peptaibol class that strongly induces helical peptide structures and forms voltage-gated ion channels in the lipid bilayers of cell membranes; often used to study ion channel assembly, voltage gating, and peptide-membrane interactions as well as to induce…
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Enniatin B1
Cayman ChemicalA cyclohexadepsipeptide that has been shown to induce apoptosis in several cancer lines (EC50s ≤ 10 µM) and to decrease the activation of the cell proliferation kinase, ERK (p44/p42); inhibits the multi-drug resistance transporter Pdr5p from S. cerevisiae.