11β-PGE2 is the C-11 epimer of PGE2. It is a moderate inhibitor of PGE2 binding to rat hypothalamic membranes with a Ki value of 53 nM. 11β-PGE2 also stimulates bone resorption in rats at concentrations of 10-8 to 10-6 M which is similar to PGE2. 11β-PGE2 inhibits PGE2 binding to the…

8-iso PGF2β is an isomer of PGF2α with a non-enzymatic, non-cyclooxygenase origin. It is one of 64 possible isomers of PGF2α which can be produced by free radical peroxidation of arachidonic acid. 8-iso PGF2β exhibits very weak contraction of human umbilical vein artery and…

A latanoprost-related isomer containing both a double bond at C-13,14 and an invered (b) hydroxyl group at C-15; a potential impurity in most commercial preparations of the lantanoprost bulk drug product.

A form of FAHFA in which oleic acid is esterified to 13-hydroxy stearic acid.

A FAHFA in which palmitic acid is esterified to 9-hydroxy palmitic acid.

The physiological actions of PGD2 include regulation of sleep, lowering of body temperature, inhibition of platelet aggregation and relaxation of vascular smooth muscle. PGD2 mediates its effects by 2 distinct G-protein-coupled receptors, DP1 and CRTH2/DP2. 15(R)-15-methyl PGD2 is a potent,…

A FAHFA in which oleic acid occurs at the 12-position on hydroxy stearic acid.

A competitive inhibitor of 15-hydroxy PGDH; acts as an agonist on most EP receptor subtypes (Kd d~ 1 nM for isolated EP2 receptors); preserves the self-renewal properties while preventing the differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells during expansion in culture.

A 9β-hydroxy isomer of 5-trans PGF2α.

A lipid peroxidation product; actively modifies histidine and lysine residues on proteins and causes protein cross-linking.

8-iso PGA1 is an isoprostane and a member in a large family of prostanoids of non-cyclooxygenase origin. It occurs as a common minor impurity in most commercial preparations of PGE1. The biological activity of 8-iso PGA1 has not been studied in depth or reported in the literature.

Contains four deuterium atoms at the 3', 3', 4', and 4' positions; is intended for use as an internal standard for the quantification of tafluprost by GC-or LC-mass spectrometry.

15(S)-15-methyl PGE2 is a potent, metabolically stable analog of PGE2. It is a potent gastric antisecretory and antiulcer compound. 15(S)-15-methyl PGE2 binds to human myometrium with twice the affinity of PGE2 and is ten times more potent than PGE1 in contracting uterine smooth muscle.

A synthetic analog of PGF2β.

PGF2α 1,11-lactone is a lipid-soluble internal ester of PGF2α. Hydrolysis of the lactone by plasma esterases readily produces free PGF2α in rats and monkeys, but not in humans. PGF2α 1,11-lactone is active as an antifertility agent with greatly reduced vasoactivity compared…

TXA2 receptor agonist; causes platelet shape change (EC₅₀ ~6 nM) and aggregation (EC₅₀ ~97 nM).

Misoprostol is a widely sold analog of PGE1 which has potent but relatively non-selective agonist activity with respect to the prostanoid EP receptor subgroup. Misoprostol has been used therapeutically for many years in humans for the treatment of gastric ulcer disease under the Searle tradename…

A more lipid soluble derivative of Tafluprost, a very potent FP receptor agonist (Ki = 0.4 nM).

An organophosphorus ester that antagonizes the CB1 receptor and inhibits FAAH with similar potencies (IC50s = 2 nM).

The primary metabolite of PGE2 in plasma which is formed through the 15-hydroxy PGDH pathway.

An isomer of 17-phenyl trinor PGF2α, characterized by an inverted (β) hydroxyl group at C-15.

Bicyclo PGE2 is a stable, base-catalyzed transformation product of 13,14-dihydro-15-keto PGE2. 13,14-dihydro-15-keto PGE2 itself is a metabolite of PGE2 found in human plasma at a median level of 20-25 pg/ml. Due to the inherent instability of 13,14-dihydro-15-keto PGE2, it is advisable to quantify…

20-ethyl PGE2 is an analog of PGE2 in which the ω-chain has been extended by the addition of two methylene carbon atoms. The only well studied prostaglandin analog with this structural feature is unoprostone, an F-series prostaglandin that is clinically approved as a glaucoma medication.…

PGF2α-NEt is an analog of PGF2α in which the C-1 carboxyl group has been modified to an N-ethyl amide. PG esters have been shown to have ocular hypotensive activity. PG N-ethyl amides were recently introduced as alternative prostaglandin ocular hypotensive prodrugs. Although it has been…

A FAHFA consisting of palmitoleic acid esterified at the 9-position of hydroxy stearic acid; significantly elevated in serum of glucose tolerant AG4OX mice; may be a bioactive lipid with roles in metabolic syndrome and inflammation.

An internal standard for the quantification of PGA2 by GC- or LC-MS.

PGA2 is a naturally occurring prostaglandin in gorgonian corals where it may function in self defense. It is generally not present in mammals. PGA2 has low biological potency in most bioassays, but it does show some antiviral/antitumor activity. At a 25 µM concentration, PGA2 blocks the cell…

Butaprost is a structural analog of PGE2 with good selectivity for the EP2 receptor subtype. Butaprost has frequently been used to pharmacologically define the EP receptor expression profile of various human and animal tissues and cells. Serious confusion as to the structure of Butaprost was…

Prominent plasma metabolite of PGF2α in the 15-hydroxy PGDH pathway.

An internal standard for the quantification of CAY10429 by GC- or LC-MS.

A number of 17-phenyl trinor PGF2α derivatives have been approved for the treatment of glaucoma. Of these, the ones wherein the 13,14-double bond has been hydrogenated retain relatively good potency, but show a significantly reduced incidence of local irritant side effects.…

A potent and selective EP1 receptor antagonist (IC₅₀ = 2.5 nM), with >400-fold selectivity relative to EP2, EP3, EP4, DP1, and IP; has 30-fold selectivity over TP; shows complete anti-hyperalgesic activity in a rat model of chronic inflammatory joint pain.