A natural alkaloid that activates TRPV1 (EC50 = 38 µM) and modulates GABAA receptors (EC50s = 43-60 µM); inhibits MAOs (IC50s = 21 and 7 µM for MAO-A and MAO-B, respectively; inhibits CYP3A species (Ki ~ 5 µM) and increases expression of CYP1A and CYP2B in liver.