Adapalene is a derivative of tretinoin that is clinically used to treat acne and pityriasis versicolor. This synthetic retinoid exhibits anti-inflammatory activity, decreasing expression of Ki67, a2-integrin, a6-integrin, toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2), IL-8, and ß-defensin in ex vivo models. Like…

A selective agonist of retinoic acid receptor (RAR)-β and RAR-γ (Kds = 34 and 130 nM, respectively) commonly used for the study of the pathogenesis and treatment of acne vulgaris; dose-dependently (0.1-10 µM) inhibits sebocyte growth, proliferation, and differentiation.