Linoleic acid is an essential fatty acid and one of the most abundant PUFAs in the western diet. Deficiencies in linoleic acid are linked to defective wound healing, growth retardation, and dermatitis. Linoleic acid is metabolized by 15-LO in both plants and animals to form 9- and 13-HODE.

Ricinoleic acid methyl ester is a neutral, more lipophilic form of the free acid that can be used as an analytical standard for ricinoleic acid.

Oleic acid ethyl ester is a neutral, more lipid-soluble form of oleic acid.

Linoleic acid ethyl ester is a neutral, lipid-soluble form of linoleic acid.

Lauric acid ethyl ester is a more lipophilic and less toxic form of the free acid. It is one of the medium-chain fatty acid ethyl esters that is released during the anaerobic fermentation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae along with the free acid.

Myristic acid is a saturated fatty acid commonly found in animal and vegetable fats that is frequently used in cosmetics, soaps, perfumes, and flavorings. It increases LDL cholesterol making it one of the most hypercholesterolemic of the saturated fatty acids. Myristic acid ethyl ester is a more…

γ-Linolenic acid is an ω-6 fatty acid which can be elongated to arachidonic acid for endogenous eicosanoid synthesis. It is a weak LTB4 receptor antagonist, inhibiting [3H]-LTB4 binding to porcine neutrophil membranes with a Ki of 1 µM. γ-Linolenic acid produces 53%…

PUFAs are essential nutrients that show distinct deficiency syndromes when not present in adequate amounts in the diet. Methyl GLA is an esterified version of the free acid which is less water soluble but more amenable for the formulation of GLA-containing diets and dietary supplements. GLA is an…

A more hydrophobic form of the free acid, a cytotoxic component from the fruit extract of S. repens.

LAEE is a neutral, more lipophilic form of the free acid that can be used as an exogenous source of α-linolenic acid (ALA). This ethanol metabolite may contribute to ethanol-induced hepatic fibrogenesis through stimulation of intracellular signaling pathways in hepatic stellate cells (HSC).…

An ester version of DHA free acid which is less water soluble, but more amenable for the formulation of fatty acid-containing diets and dietary supplements.