Adefovir is an antiviral prodrug that displays immunomodulatory activity. Adefovir is an acyclonucleotide analog that inhibits viral DNA polymerase, acting as a DNA chain terminator. Adefovir is primarily used to treat hepatitis B infection, but also displays activity against retroviruses. Adefovir…

Bupropion is an antidepressant that is also commonly used as a smoking cessation aid. This compound has additional therapeutic potential, as it promotes modest weight loss, shows efficacy as an ADHD treatment, and may also be an effective treatment for neuropathic pain. Bupropion is a DA and NE…

Acitretin is an orally bioavailable retinoid that displays anti-inflammatory activity and is used clinically to treat psoriasis. Acitretin is a metabolite of etretinate that displays more optimized pharmacokinetic parameters. This compound activates all retinoic acid receptor subtypes…

Adefovir dipivoxil is the diester form of adefovir, an antiviral prodrug that displays immunomodulatory activity. Adefovir is an acyclonucleotide analog that inhibits viral DNA polymerase, acting as a DNA chain terminator. Adefovir is primarily used to treat hepatitis B infection, but also displays…

Budesonide is a corticosteroid with strong glucocorticoid and weak mineralocorticoid characteristics. Budesonide exhibits anti-inflammatory and anti-asthma activities and is used clinically to treat Crohn’s disease, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder…

Cilnidipine is a dihydropyridine that exhibits antihypertensive, vasodilatory, antinociceptive, and nephroprotective activities. Cilnidipine acts as an antagonist at L-type and N-type voltage-gated Ca2+ channels. In subjects with hypertension, cilnidipine decreases blood pressure and urinary…

Butoconazole is an imidazole derivative that exhibits antifungal/antimycotic and anti-parasitic activities; it likely inhibits 14-a demethylase. Butoconazole displays particularly effective antimicrobial activity against species of Candida, Saccharomyces, and Trichomonas. Grade: ≥98%

Acepromazine is a phenothiazine derivative antipsychotic agent related to chlorpromazine. Acepromazine maleate is primarily used in veterinary field as a sedative and antiemetic, although it has previously been used as an antipsychotic in humans. Acepromazine acts as an antagonist at D1/2 and…

Bumetanide is a loop diuretic that is clinically used to treat congestive heart failure. Bumetanide exhibits natriuretic activity, inhibiting Na+/K+/2Cl- symporter 1 (NKCC1) and K+/Ca2+ co-transporter 2 (KCC2), decreasing fluid secretion and Na+/K+ transport. Bumetanide also exhibits anxiolytic,…

Cabozantanib is an anticancer chemotherapeutic compound that has been approved to treat medullary thyroid cancer and is in clinical trials as a treatment for other types of solid tumors. Cabozantanib exerts its anticancer activity through inhibition of Met, RET, and VEGFR2, increasing apoptosis and…

Adapalene is a derivative of tretinoin that is clinically used to treat acne and pityriasis versicolor. This synthetic retinoid exhibits anti-inflammatory activity, decreasing expression of Ki67, a2-integrin, a6-integrin, toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2), IL-8, and ß-defensin in ex vivo models. Like…