A FAHFA in which palmitic acid is esterified to 9-hydroxy palmitic acid.

A 9β-hydroxy isomer of 5-trans PGF2α.

A synthetic PGA1 analog with structural features similar to 15-deoxy-Δ12,14-PGJ2, a ligand for PPARγ.

A major urinary metabolite of PGE2 that is excreted in guinea pig urine at a concentration range of 1.34-2.74.

A stable, cell-permeable form of α-ketoglutarate which accumulates rapidly and preferentially in cells with a dysfunctional TCA cycle; stimulates PHD activity and increases HIF-1α turnover when used at 1 mM; competitively blocks succinate- or fumarate-mediated inhibition of PHD.

ApNA is one of several nitroaniline fatty acid amides which can be used to measure FAAH activity. FAAH is a relatively unselective enzyme in that it accepts a variety of amide head groups other than the ethanolamine of its nominal endogenous substrate AEA (Item No. 90050). It also will hydrolyze…

Misoprostol is a widely sold analog of PGE1 which has potent but relatively non-selective agonist activity with respect to the prostanoid EP receptor subgroup. Misoprostol has been used therapeutically for many years in humans for the treatment of gastric ulcer disease under the Searle tradename…

An organophosphorus ester that antagonizes the CB1 receptor and inhibits FAAH with similar potencies (IC50s = 2 nM).

A potent and selective competitive antagonist of the EP1 receptor (Ki = 0.6 and 1.7 nM for human and mouse EP1, respectively); effectively reduces tumor incidence and multiplicity in mouse models of colon, breast, and oral cancer; suppresses pain and acid-induced HCO₃- secretion in the stomach.

8-iso PGF2β is an isomer of PGF2α with a non-enzymatic, non-cyclooxygenase origin. It is one of 64 possible isomers of PGF2α which can be produced by free radical peroxidation of arachidonic acid. 8-iso PGF2β exhibits very weak contraction of human umbilical vein artery and…

Contains four deuterium atoms at the 3', 3', 4', and 4' positions; is intended for use as an internal standard for the quantification of tafluprost by GC-or LC-mass spectrometry.

15(S)-15-methyl PGF2α is a metabolically stable analog of PGF2α. It is a potent uterine stimulant and abortifacient which can be administered intramuscularly to induce labor. It induces luteolysis and reduces serum progesterone concentrations when given as an intramuscular injection in…

An internal standard for quantification of 13,14-dihydro-15 (R,S)-hydroxy-16,16-difluoro-Prostaglandin E1, a metabolite of a bicyclic PGE1 derivative used in the treatment of chronic constipation, by GC- or LC-mass spectrometry (MS).

11β-PGE2 is the C-11 epimer of PGE2. It is a moderate inhibitor of PGE2 binding to rat hypothalamic membranes with a Ki value of 53 nM. 11β-PGE2 also stimulates bone resorption in rats at concentrations of 10-8 to 10-6 M which is similar to PGE2. 11β-PGE2 inhibits PGE2 binding to the…

An internal standard for the quantification of 5-POHSA by GC- or LC-MS.

Bicyclo PGE2 is a stable, base-catalyzed transformation product of 13,14-dihydro-15-keto PGE2. 13,14-dihydro-15-keto PGE2 itself is a metabolite of PGE2 found in human plasma at a median level of 20-25 pg/ml. Due to the inherent instability of 13,14-dihydro-15-keto PGE2, it is advisable to quantify…

PGF2α 1,11-lactone is a lipid-soluble internal ester of PGF2α. Hydrolysis of the lactone by plasma esterases readily produces free PGF2α in rats and monkeys, but not in humans. PGF2α 1,11-lactone is active as an antifertility agent with greatly reduced vasoactivity compared…

Iloprost is a second generation structural analog of prostacyclin (PGI) with about ten-fold greater potency than the first generation stable analogs, typified by carbaprostacyclin. Iloprost binds with equal affinity to the human recombinant IP and EP1 receptors with a Ki of 11 nM. Iloprost…

The primary metabolite of PGE2 in plasma which is formed through the 15-hydroxy PGDH pathway.

15(R)-PGF2α is the C-15 epimer of the naturally occurring mammalian autacoid PGF2α. It has only 25% of the potency of PGF2α in hamster antifertility studies, which may be due to reduced affinity for FP receptors. Compared to PGF2α, 15(R)-PGF2α has a binding affinity of…

An isomer of 17-phenyl trinor PGF2α, characterized by an inverted (β) hydroxyl group at C-15.

A dehydration product of tetranor-PGEM that can be measured as a surrogate for tetranor-PGEM levels in urine.

AFC is a synthetic substrate for the isoprenylated protein methyltransferase (also known as S-adenosylmethionine-dependent methyltransferase). Because it is able to serve as a substrate for the methyltransferase, it effectively functions as an inhibitor of methylation of endogenous isoprenylated proteins.

A FAHFA consisting of palmitoleic acid esterified at the 9-position of hydroxy stearic acid; significantly elevated in serum of glucose tolerant AG4OX mice; may be a bioactive lipid with roles in metabolic syndrome and inflammation.

A lipid peroxidation product; actively modifies histidine and lysine residues on proteins and causes protein cross-linking.

A metabolite of (±)12(13)-EpOME.

Butaprost is a structural analog of PGE2 with good selectivity for the EP2 receptor subtype. Butaprost has frequently been used to pharmacologically define the EP receptor expression profile of various human and animal tissues and cells. Serious confusion as to the structure of Butaprost was…

A synthetic analog of PGF2β.

An analog of MAFP, which has been widely studied as an inhibitor of phospholipases, FAAH, and as a CB receptor ligand; pharmacology of the γ-linolenyl analog of MAFP has not been completely investigated.

Unoprostone isopropyl ester (Rescula) is the clinically approved, prodrug form of unoprostone, which is a free acid analog of PGF2α. Both latanoprost and Rescula have been approved for the treatment of ocular hypertension. Both analogs of PGF2α are believed to act by increasing the rate…

8-iso-17-phenyl PGF2β is an isomer of bimatoprost (free acid) that is epimerized at the 8 and 9 positions. There are no published reports on the biological activity of 8-iso-17-phenyl PGF2β.

A latanoprost-related isomer containing both a double bond at C-13,14 and an invered (b) hydroxyl group at C-15; a potential impurity in most commercial preparations of the lantanoprost bulk drug product.