A plant growth regulator involved in the signaling mechanisms for a variety of conditions including plant defense, wound healing, tuberization, fruit ripening, and senescence.

Ricinoleic acid is a naturally occurring 12-hydroxy fatty acid. It constitutes about 90% of the fatty acids in castor oil. Ricinoleic acid can serve as a substrate for the synthesis of conjugated linoleic acids. It is considered safe and non-toxic as a food constituent in humans, up to a daily…

A naturally occurring trans-fatty acid found in ruminant animals that is converted to 9(Z),11(E)-conjugated linoleic acid in mammals; reported to have beneficial antioxidant, anti-atherosclerotic, and antitumor activities.

An odoriferous component of musk that has been shown to exhibit anti-inflammatory effects by reducing the expression of proinflammatory cytokines both in vitro and in vivo; also reported to be both cardioprotective and neuroprotective during conditions of ischemia and to promote proliferation and…

The trans isomer of the 16:1 fatty acid palmitoleic acid.

An esterified version of GLA which is less water soluble but more amenable for the formulation of GLA-containing diets.

A stabilized, lipid-soluble form of the free acid that has been used to produce biofuels as well as skin-conditioning agents, emulsion stabilizers, and surfactants in cosmetics.

A sulfonate ester potentially genotoxic impurity found in active pharmaceutical ingredients.

A polyunsaturated fatty alcohol produced by the reduction of linoleic acid.