One of four major analogs in the enniatin complex that has been shown to moderately inhibit ACAT activity in rat liver microsomes (IC₅₀ = 22 µM); demonstrates anthelmintic properties against N. brasiliensis, T. spiralis, and H. spumosa.

An antitumor antibiotic that crosslinks double stranded DNA and is widely used as a tool to selectively inhibit DNA synthesis and mutagenensis, to stimulate genetic recombination, chromosome breakage and sister chromatid exchange, and to induce DNA repair.

An antibiotic derived from S. hygroscopicus that acts as a potassium ionophore promoting K+/H+ exchange across mitochondrial membranes; used as a research tool to disrupt intracellular H+ and K+ concentration, thus altering pH, membrane potential, and cell volume.

A tumor-inhibiting antibiotic that inhibits the glutamine-dependent amidotransferases involved in nucleotide biosynthesis, N-formylglycineamidine ribotide synthetase and glucosamine-6-phosphate isomerase; also inhibits the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway, which has been shown to protect against…

A cardenolide and aglycone constituent of digitoxin that elicits cardiac contraction and cardiotonic effects by inhibiting the Na+/K+ ATPase; inhibits protein synthesis and has been examined for use as an antitumor compound.

A food contaminant produced by Aspergillus that is associated with toxicity and hepatocarcinogenicity in human and animal populations.