Anti-lambda detects surface immunoglobulin on normal and neoplastic B-cells. Anti-lambda staining is seen in B-cell follicles of human lymphoid tissue. When dealing with B-cell neoplasms, the determination of light chain ratios remains helpful. Most B-cell lymphomas express either kappa or lambda light chains, whereas reactive proliferations display a mixture of kappa and lambda positive cells. If only a single light chain type is detected, a lymphoproliferative disorder is very likely. Monoclonality is determined by a kappa-lambda ratio of greater than 3:1, a lambda-kappa ratio greater than 2:1.
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