Histones are small alkaline proteins that interact with eukaryotic DNA to form the fundamental subunit of chromatin known as the nucleosome. The core histones H2A, H2B, H3 and H4 form the central spooling unit of the nucleosome; with two copies of each comprising a histone octamer that interacts with the negatively charged DNA. They enable an ordered compaction of the DNA, as well as spatiotemporal control of gene expression and genomic replication throughout mitosis. Post-translational modification of this core complex results in structural changes within the chromatin and epigenetic control of gene expression.
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