Thrombospondin-1 (UniProt P07996; also known as THBS-1, TSP-1) is encoded by the THBS1 (also known as THBS, TSP, TSP1) gene (Gene ID 7057) in human. Thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1) is a member of the TSP family of calcium-binding extracellular matrix proteins. The TSP family consists of the homotrimeric TSP-1 and TSP-2, as well as the homopentameric TSP-3, TSP-4 and TSP-5/COMP (cartilage oligomeric matrix protein). TSP-1 is induced at injury site and functions as an activator of latent TGF-beta. TSP-1 binding alters the conformation of the latent TGF-beta complex and renders TGF-beta biologically active, which in turn can also induce TSP-1 expression. TSP-1 mediates the proliferation of fibroblasts and smooth muscle cells, while it inhibits the proliferation of endothelial cells. TSP-1 may also serve as both an attachment protein and an anti-adhesive molecule as shown by its ability to cause disassembly of focal adhesions of endothelial cells. TSP-1 is initially produced with a signal peptide sequence (a.a. 1-18), the removal of which yields the mature protein (a.a. 19-1170). Structurally, TSP-1 monomer consists of a N-terminal heparin-binding (a.a. 47-95) region and a laminin G-like domain (a.a. 65-270), followed by an oligomerization domain (a.a. 259-311), a procollagen or VWFC domain (a.a. 316-373), three properdin or type I repeats (a.a. 379-429, 435-490, and 492-547), two EGF-like domains (a.a. 547-587 and 646-690), eight type III repeats or calcium-wire module (a.a. 691-954), and a C-terminal lectin-like globular module or G domain (a.a. 958-170).
Synonyms: Thrombospondin-1, THBS-1, TSP-1
Application: Western Blotting Analysis: A representative lot detected an upregulated thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1) expression in cultured primary rat vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) upon treatment with either stainless steel (SS) ions or active TGF-beta (Pallero, M.A., et al. (2010). J. Vasc. Res. 47(4):309-322). Western Blotting Analysis: A representativev lot ditected full-length human thrombospondin-1 (hTSP-1) as well as hTSP-1 C-terminal fragments E3CaG (a.a. 648-1170), E3Ca (a.a. 648-945) and Ca (a.a. 692-945), but not hTSP-2, mouse TSP-1 (mTSP-1), or mTSP-2 by Western blotting under either reducing or non-reducing condition (Annis, D.S., et al. (2006). J. Thromb. Haemost. 4(2):459-468).Western Blotting Analysis: A representative lot detected an upregulated thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1) in human pancreatic cancer Panc-1 cells upon siRNA-mediatted k-Ras knockdown (Fleming, J.B., et al. (2005). Mol. Cancer Res. 3(7):413-423).Immunohistochemistry Analysis: A representative lot detected elevated thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1) immunoreactivity in vascular tissues surrounding stent materials due to in-stent restenosis (ISR) in paraffin-embedded sections of human coronary arteries from patients received either Taxus or Cypher drug-eluting stent implant (Pallero, M.A., et al. (2010). J. Vasc. Res. 47(4):309-322).Neutralizing Analysis: Representative lots prevented alkaline-stripped human platelet thrombospondin-1 (sTSP-1) from activatating the latent form of TGF-beta secreted by cultured NMuMG murine mammary gland epithelial cells or bovine aortic endothelial (BAE) cells without affecting cellular signaling induced by the mature/active form of TGF-beta (Alcaraz, L.B., et al. (2014). J. Cell Biol. 205(3):409-428; Annis, D.S., et al. (2006). J. Thromb. Haemost. 4(2):459-468; Schultz-Cherry, S., and Murphy-Ullrich J.E. (1993). J. Cell Biol. 122(4):923-932).Neutralizing Analysis: A representative lot inhibited stainless steel (SS) ions-induced TGF-beta signaling in cultured primary rat vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) as indicated by a suppressed induction of the synthetic/myofibroblastic protein ED-A FN (Pallero, M.A., et al. (2010). J. Vasc. Res. 47(4):309-322). ELISA Analysis: A representativev lot ditected full-length human thrombospondin-1 (hTSP-1) as well as hTSP-1 C-terminal fragments E3CaG (a.a. 648-1170) and E3Ca (a.a. 648-945), but not hTSP-2, mouse TSP-1 (mTSP-1), or mTSP-2 by direct/non-sandwich ELISA (Annis, D.S., et al. (2006). J. Thromb. Haemost. 4(2):459-468).
Other Notes: Concentration: Please refer to lot specific datasheet.