Ferrous sulfate heptahydrate is a reagent used in the manufacturing of iron compounds, in electroplating baths, aluminium etching, process engraving and lithography, and in redox polymerisation. It is used as a reducing agent in chemical processes, leather dyes and writing inks. Also, it is a…

D-Biotin is a growth factor present in small amounts in every living cell. It is involved in naturally occurring carboxylation reactions. It occurs mainly bound to proteins or polypeptides. It is more abundant in the liver, kidney, pancreas, yeast and milk. Biotin levels are higher in cancerous…

Folic acid, also known as folate, is a B vitamin that can be found in a variety of fruits and vegetables. It can also be chemically synthesized. Folate, a watersoluble vitamin, helps the body form red blood cells and aids in the formation of genetic material within every body cell. Folic Acid is a…

Polysorbate 20 is typically used as an emulsifying agent for the preparation of stable oil-in-water emulsions, particularly in pharmaceutical applications. It is also used in pre-extraction of membranes to remove peripheral proteins & as a blocking agent on nitrocellulose at a typical…

Sucrose is a nonreducing disaccharide composed of glucose and fructose, linked via their anomeric carbons. It is obtained commercially from Sugarcane, sugar beet (Beta vulgaris), and other plants and used extensively as a food and a sweetener. Use to create sucrose gradients for purification of…

Sodium chloride is a commonly used chemical which is found widely in nature. It is considered to be an essential nutrient. Excess amounts of sodium chloride can destroy electrolyte balance and cause death in most animals, including humans. Sodium chloride is used in a wide variety of biochemical…

Calcium Chloride is a salt of calcium and chloride. It behaves as a typical ionic halide, and is solid at room temperature. Calcium chloride is a commonly used reagent in biochemistry. It plays important roles in many biological processes, including signal transduction, muscle contraction, and…

Tweens® are a series of nonionic surfactants derived from sorbitan esters. They are soluble or dispersible in water but differ widely in organic and oil solubilities. Used as oil-in-water emulsifiers in pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, cleaning compounds, etc. Tween® 80 has been widely used…

Protamine sulfate is a purified mixture of simple protein principles obtained from the sperm or testes of suitable species of fish, which has the property of neutralizing heparin. Because of having much basic amino acids (mostly arginine) protamine contains far greater nitrogen than other proteins.…

Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) is a highly polar aprotic organic reagent that has exceptional solvent properties for organic and inorganic chemicals. Dimethyl Sulfoxide is ideal for use as a cryoprotectant. Also used in chemical reactions, in polymerase chain reactions (PCR) as a PCR cosolvent to…

2-Mercaptoethanol is a hybrid of ethylene glycol and 1,2-ethanedithiol. It is used to reduce disulfide bonds and can act as a biological antioxidant by scavenging hydroxyl radicals. It is widely used because the hydroxyl group confers solubility in water and lowers the volatility. Due to its…

Penicillin G potassium Salt is a salt of Penicillin G. Penicillin G is a hydrophobic, β-lactam antibiotic produced by Penicillium spp. Penicillin G is also known as benzylpenicillin and contains a 6’ phenylacetyl side chain. In acid aqueous solutions, Penicillin is reported to decompose…

Choline chloride is an organic compound and a quaternary ammonium salt. It is a weak acid. Choline chloride is the salt of the naturally occurring choline, the pre-stage of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine, which is important for mnemonic and thought-processes. Choline occurs naturally in fungi,…

Sodium selenite is commonly used as a source of selenium in biological research, where selenium is an essential trace element that is normally provided by serum. Selenium is present in selenoproteins such as glutathione peroxidase and thioredoxin reductase, which contain the selenium analog of…

Pyruvic acid is an intermediate in sugar metabolism and in enzymatic carbohydrate degradation (alcoholic fermentation) where it is converted to acetaldehyde and CO2 by carboxylase. In muscle, pyruvic acid (derived from glycogen) is reduced to lactic acid during exertion, which is reoxidized and…

Adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) is a central component of energy storage and metabolism in vivo. ATP is used in many cellular processes, respiration, biosynthetic reactions, motility, and cell division. ATP is a substrate of many kinases involved in cell signaling and of adenylate cyclase(s)…

N-Acetyl-L-cysteine is an acetylated amino acid with antioxidant and mucolytic properties for isolation of mycobacteria from sputum. As a mucolytic agent, N-Acetyl-L-cysteine serves to dissipate disulfide bonds across mucoproteins, loosening and clearing the viscosity of sputum. …

L-Glutamic Acid is a non-essential amino acid for human development; referred to as an excitatory amino acid (EAA) due to its role in neurotransmission. Acts as a neurotransmitter at fast synapses; agonist at kainate, NMDA and quisqualate receptors. L-Glutamic acid is one of the two amino acids…

Trehalose Dihydrate is an osmolyte, a chemical chaperone. It contains many properties that allow it to stabilize partially unfolded protein molecules and inhibit protein aggregation. It includes a low chemical reactivity, high glass transition temperature, existence of numerous polymorphs,…

An essential amino acid.

Cycloheximide is a glutarimide antibiotic derived from a microbial source. Cycloheximide is an antibiotic which is very active against many molds, yeasts, and phytopathogenic fungi. It exhibits somewhat lower activity against bacteria and certain fungi. Control of various molds and fungi in…

Kanamycin sulfate is an antimicrobial agent effective against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria and mycoplasma. It binds to the 70S ribosomal subunit, inhibits translocation, and elicits miscoding. Cross-resistance occurs between kanamycin and neomycin, framycetin, and paromomycin, and…

Uridine is a nucleoside, contains a uracil attached to a ribose ring (known as a ribofuranose) via a β-N1-glycosidic bond. It is an organic compound of the pyrimidine family, that occurs as one of the four bases coding genetic information in the polynucleotide chain of RNA. Uridine can…

Gentamicin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic complex produced by fermentation of Micromonospora purpurea or M. echinospora. It is a mixture of 3 major components designated as C1, C1a, and C2. Gentamicin is used as the sulfate salt. Each component consists of five basic nitrogens and requires five…

L-Cysteine is a proteinogenic amino acid incorporated into proteins as directed by the genetic code. The thiol-side chain participates in a variety of oxidation/reduction reactions within the cell. The side chain participates in the formation of β bonds that modulate the secondary and ternary…

Thymidine is a nucleoside composed of deoxyribose (a pentose sugar) joined to the pyrimidine base thymine. Deoxythymidine can be phosphorylated with one, two or three phosphoric acid groups, creating respectively dTMP, dTDP or dTTP (deoxythymidine mono- di- or triphosphate.) It exists in solid form…

3-(4,5-Dimethyl-2-thiazolyl-2)-2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide is used as a colorimetric metabolic activity indicator in cell viability assays. Thiazolyl Blue Tetrazolium Blue (MTT) is a dye used in measurement of cell proliferation. MTT produces a yellowish solution that is converted to dark…

P2 purinergic agonist; increases activity of Ca2+-activated K+ channels; substrate for ATP-dependent enzyme systems. Adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) and its phosphate bonds are the basic components of energy exchange in many biological systems.

Paromomycin Sulfate is an aminoglycoside antibiotic which inhibits protein initiation. Paromomycin sulfate salt has been used as a reference compound in antileishmanial activity RNA-binding ligand and interacts with aptamer. This interaction prevents the binding (and cutting) of dicer…

L-Glutamine, the uncharged and amidated analog of L-glutamic acid, is an important amino acid for the incorporation of NH4+ into biomolecules. It is biosynthesized from NH4. L-Glutamine is an essential amino acid that is a crucial component of culture media that serves as a major energy source…

Amino acid found in human plasma and thyroid gland, similar to thyroxine. T3 is a thyroid hormone that increases rates of proteins synthesis, stimulates the breakdown of cholesterol, and effects embryonic development. In cell culture, T3 regulates cell differentiation and protein expression.

Mitomycin C is an inhibitor of DNA synthesis, nuclear division and cancer cells. Antibacterial to gram positive, gram negative and acid-fast bacilli. It decomposes DNA in cancer cells by forming a complex with DNA and inhibits division of cancer cells by interfering with the biosynthesis of DNA. …