A potent anti-fungal antibiotic that can directly block nuclear transport by inhibiting the action of CRM1.

N-4AIA is one of several aromatic amides of indomethacin reported to be potent and selective reversible inhibitors of COX-2. N-4AIA inhibits human recombinant and ovine COX-2 with IC₅₀ values of 0.1 and 0.625 µM, respectively. It is about 80 times less potent as an inhibitor of…

An orally available, selective agonist of GPR120 (EC₅₀ = ~0.35 µm); exerts anti-inflammatory effects on macrophages in vitro and improves glucose tolerance, decreases hyperinsulinemia, increases insulin sensitivity, and decreases hepatic steatosis when included at 30 mg/kg body…

A synthetic progestin that acts as a prodrug to norelgestromin and levonorgestrel; selectively binds the progesterone receptor and is androgenically neutral.

A mycotoxin produced from F. moniliforme that functions as an inhibitor of ceramide synthase (sphingosine N-acyltransferase).

A melatonin metabolite first identified in rat brain that has antioxidant and free radical scavenging activities in several experimental models; may be measured in plasma as an index of melatonin synthesis and metabolism.

8-iso Misoprostol is one of several possible impurities in the production of bulk commercial preparations of misoprostol, and one that is somewhat difficult to distinguish from other impurities such as 11β-misoprostol. The pharmacology and EP receptor binding affinity for 8-iso misoprostol has…

A polysaccharide made of α-D-glucose units that constitutes about 20% of starch; acts as an indicator, turning blue in the presence of iodine, and has also been coupled to magnetic beads for the isolation and purification of maltose-binding protein fusion proteins.

This nuclear receptor assay system utilizes proprietary non-human mammalian cells engineered to provide constitutive, high-level expression of full-length, unmodified human androgen receptor (NR3C4), a ligand-dependent transcription factor commonly referred to as AR. INDIGO’s reporter cells…

A dye that is commonly used in laboratories to stain or quantify proteins; typically gives blue bands on a clear background with a sensitivity of 50-100 ng/band; displays metachromasia by appearing pink-red, rather than blue, when binding certain proteins, such as collagen and histone H1.

C-6 ceramide is a cell-permeable analog of naturally occurring ceramides. With a longer carbon chain than C-2 ceramide, it is somewhat more hydrophobic, and may more closely mimic the effects of natural ceramides. C-6 ceramide mediates many diverse biological activities including apoptosis,…

A broad spectrum, orally available kinase inhibitor that targets primarily tyrosine kinases, including VEGFR and EGFR, with IC₅₀ values in the nanomolar range; also potently blocks non-receptor tyrosine kinases, including ABL, RET, and SRC, as well as several serine/threonine kinases.

A cell permeable analog of BAPTA that binds calcium only after the AM group is removed by cytoplasmic esterases; commonly used at 10-100 μM to evaluate the role of intracellular calcium in cell signaling; also inhibits Kv channels, including Kv1.3, Kv1.5, and Kv11.1 (Ki = 1.45, 1.23, and 1.30…

A selective calcium ionophore that mobilizes intracellular calcium stores. It is used as a research tool to raise the intracellular level of calcium, to study calcium transport across biological membranes, and to stimulate the intracellular production of cytokines.

A water soluble, irreversible, broad spectrum inhibitor of serine proteases, including trypsin, chymotrypsin, plasmin, thrombin, and kallikreins; also inhibits NADPH oxidase.

A selective inhibitor of PAD4 (IC₅₀ = 200 nM in the absence of calicum); inhibits the citrullination of PAD4 target proteins and diminishes NET formation in mouse neutrophils.

A small molecule, multi-targeted receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor; potently inhibits signaling through PDGFR, VEGFR, KIT, and FLT3; inhibits both tumor cell growth and angiogenesis; approved by the FDA for the treatment of gastrointestinal stromal tumor and metastatic renal cell carcinoma.

A substrate for the synthesis of RNA during the transcription process and the synthesis of DNA during DNA replication; participates in G-protein-related signal transduction where it is converted to GDP through the action of GTPases.

An enantiomer of the short-lived oral anti-coagulant acenocoumarol with a longer plasma elimination half-life (6.6 hours) and slower plasma clearance (1.9 L/hour), compared to the (S)-enantiomer (1.8 hours, 28.5 L/hour); rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract with essentially complete…

CWHM12 is an analog of RGD peptide (Item No. 14501), a tripeptide that inhibits integrin-ligand interactions in studies related to cell adhesion, migration, growth, and differentiation. CWHM12 selectively inhibits αv integrins (IC₅₀s = 1.8, 0.8, 61, 1.5, and 0.2 nM for…

A selective, orally available inhibitor of MEK1 (IC₅₀ = 4.2 nM); induces differentiation and apoptosis in cancer cells lines.

Angiotensin II is a hormone that plays an important role in regulating blood pressure. Elevated levels of angiotensin II are implicated in inducing and maintaining hypertension, and also in the development of atherosclerosis. Both of these effects are mediated by the angiotensin II type 1 (AT1)…

Reversibly and selectively blocks Tie2 kinase activity (IC₅₀ = 250 nM); reduces angiogenesis in a Matrigel neovascularization assay and delays tumor growth in MOPC-315 plasmacytoma and SVR angiosarcoma xenograft models.

A required cofactor for many enzymes including all NOS isoforms.

A potent and selective agonist for both LXRα and LXRβ (EC₅₀ = 50 nM).

A tumor vascular disrupting agent, inducing apoptosis in tumor vascular endothelium resulting in necrosis at the tumor core; potently activates the STING/TBK1/IRF3 signaling pathway in mouse leukocytes, inducing type-I-IFN production; inhibits VEGFR1 and VEGFR2 (IC₅₀ = 119 and 11…

A bioactive macrolide derived from sponges that binds monomeric actin, preventing actin polymerization both in vitro (Kd = 0.2 μM) and in cells (0.5 μM).

A potent lipid signaling molecule that exhibits a wide range of biological activities; it enhances cell growth and inhibits the normal apoptotic response to a variety of stimuli.

A selective PI3K inhibitor with an IC₅₀ value of 1.4 µM.

A plant growth regulator involved in the signaling mechanisms for a variety of conditions including plant defense, wound healing, tuberization, fruit ripening, and senescence.

A potent, selective antagonist of the H1 histamine receptor (Ki = 16-41.1 nM), with much lower affinities for the H2 and H3 receptors (Ki = 43.4 and 172 μM, respectively); effective in treating allergic rhinitis and conjunctivitis; does not cause cognitive or psychomotor impairment at…

A bifunctional photoreactive agent for crosslinking nucleic acids; intercalates into double-stranded regions in DNA or RNA and, upon UV irradiation, forms covalent adducts with pyrimidine bases; used to study different types of RNA from diverse organisms, including viruses.