VEGF is a potent growth and angiogenic cytokine. It stimulates proliferation and survival of endothelial cells and promotes angiogenesis and vascular permeability. Expressed in vascularized tissues, VEGF plays a prominent role in normal and pathological angiogenesis. Substantial evidence implicated…

Serum amyloid A proteins (SAA) represents a family of apolipoproteins that circulates in association with high-density lipoproteins (HDL). The level of apo-SAA, normally 1-5 µg/ml in plasma, increases 500-1000 fold within 24 hours of an inflammatory st

CCL25 (thymus expressed chemokine) is a novel CC chemokine that is distantly related (approximately 20% amino acid sequence identity) to other CC chemokines. Mouse CCL25 cDNA has also been cloned and shown to encode a 144 aa protein that exh

Protein G binds to the constant region of many species of immunoglobulin G. It can be used to detect, quantify and purify IgG antibodies and antibody/antigen complexes. Bio Basic Inc’s Recombinant Protein G contains only IgG binding domains. The albumin-binding domain as well as cell wall and…

Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra) is a member of the IL-1 family. Endogenous IL-1ra is produced in numerous animal disease models as well as in human autoimmune and chronic inflammatory diseases. It binds to IL-1 receptors in competition with IL-1, but does not elicit intracellular…

Interferon-beta is one of the type I interferons produced by fibroblasts in response to stimulation by live or inactivated virus or by double-stranded RNA. It is a cytokine with antiviral, antiproliferative, and immunomodulating activity. The synthesis of IFN-beta can be induced by common inducers…

MIP-3/CCL23 is a CC chemokine that signals through the CCR1 receptor. MIP-3 chemoattracts monocytes, resting Tlymphocytes  and neutrophils, but does not chemoattract activated lymphocytes. Additionally, MI

Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), also called cachectin, is produced by neutrophils, activated lymphocytes, macrophages, NK cells, LAK cells, astrocytes endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells and some transformed cells. TNF-α occurs as a secreted, soluble form and as a…

IL-3 is a hematopoietic growth factor that promotes the survival, differentiation and proliferation of committed progenitor cells of the megakaryocyte, granulocyte-macrophage, erythroid, eosinophil, basophil and mast cell lineages. Produced by T cells, mast cells and eosinophils, IL-3 enhances…

GM-CSF was initially characterized as a factor that can support the in vitro colony formation of granulocytemacrophage progenitors. It is also a growth factor for erythroid, megakaryocyte, and eosinophil progenitors. GMCSF is produced by a number of different cell types (including T cells, B cells,…

The three GRO cDNAs encode 107 amino acid precursor proteins from which the N-terminal 34 amino acid residues are cleaved to generate the mature GROs. There are no potential N-linked glycosylation sites in the amino acid sequences. GRO expression is inducible by serum or PDGF and/or by a variety of…

Epigen is an EGF-related polypeptide growth factor that signals through the ErbB receptor-1. It is produced in several tissues, including the testis, liver, heart and in certain tumor cells. Epigen is mitogenic for fibroblasts and epithelial cells. Human Epigen is initially synthesized as a…

Interferon-gamma (IFN-γ, also known as Type II interferon or immune interferon) is a cytokine produced primarily by T-lymphocytes and natural killer cells. The protein shares no significant homology with IFN-β or the various IFN-α family proteins. Mature IFN-γ exists as…