FGF-basic, Fibroblast Growth Factor-basic, murine (mouse): FGF basic (FGF-2, HBGF-2) is one of at least 22 mitogenic proteins of the FGF family, which show 35 - 60% amino acid conservation. Unlike other FGFs, FGF acidic and basic lack signal peptides and are secreted by an alternate pathway.…

C-10, CCL6, murine (mouse): Chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 6 (CCL6), encoded by the gene CCL6, is a small cytokine belonging to the CC chemokine family that has only been identified in rodents. Murine CCL6 is expressed in myelopoietic bone marrow cultures when stimulated with GM-CSF, M-CSF, IL-3…

IL-4, Interleukin-4, murine (mouse): Murine Interleukin-4 Interleukin-4 is a pleiotropic cytokine that regulates diverse T and B cell responses including cell proliferation, survival, and gene expression. Produced by mast cells, T cells and bone marrow stromal cells, IL-4 regulates the…

SHH, human: Sonic Hedgehog (SHH) is one of three proteins of the Hedgehog (Hh) family, which also contains Desert Hedgehog (DHH) and Indian Hedgehog (IHH). The three members share a high degree of amino-acid sequence identity (e.g., SHH and IHH are 93 % identical). SHH is expressed in fetal…

IL-36 beta (183 a.a.), murine (mouse): Interleukin-36 (IL-36) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine which plays an important role in the pathophysiology of several diseases. IL-36α, IL-36β, and IL-36γ (formerly IL-1F6, IL-1F8, and IL-1F9) are IL-1 family members that signal through…

IL-21, Interleukin-21, human: IL-21 is a pleiotropic cytokine produced by CD4+ T cells in response to antigenic stimulation. Its action generally enhances antigen-specific responses of immune cells. The biological effects of IL-21 include induction of differentiation of T-cells-stimulated…

BMP-2, Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2, human: Human Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 (BMP-2) BMPs (Bone Morphogenetic Proteins) belong to the TGF-beta superfamily of structurally related signaling proteins. BMP-2 is a potent osteoinductive cytokine, capable of inducing bone and cartilage formation in…

FGF-21, murine (mouse): Fibroblast growth factor-21 (FGF-21) belongs to the large FGF family and it is specifically induced by HMGCS2 activity. In mice, brown adipose tissue becomes a source of systemic FGF21 after cold exposure. FGF-21 stimulates glucose uptake in differentiated…

IL-6, Interleukin-6, monkey (rhesus macaque): IL-6 is a pleiotropic cytokine that plays an important role in host defense by regulating immune and inflammatory responses. Produced by T cells, monocytes, fibroblasts, endothelial cells and keratinocytes, IL-6 has diverse biological functions. It…

TNF alpha -His, Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha-His, human: Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), also called cachectic, is produced by neutrophils, activated lymphocytes, macrophages, NK cells, LAK cells, astrocytes endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells and some transformed cells. …

BD-1, beta-Defensin 1 (47a.a), human: Defensins (alpha and beta) are cationic peptides with a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity that comprise an important arm of the innate immune system. The α-defensins are distinguished from the β-defensins by the pairing of their three…

GH, Growth Hormone, human: Human Growth Hormone Growth hormone (GH), also known as somatotropin, is a member of a family of growth factors that includes prolactin, placental lactogens, proliferins, and somatolactin. It is synthesized primarily by somatotropes in the anterior pituitary and is…

IFN beta 1b, Interferon beta 1b, human: Human Interferon-β  Interferon-beta is one of the type I interferons produced by fibroblasts in response to stimulation by live or inactivated virus or by double-stranded RNA. It is a cytokine with antiviral, antiproliferative, and…

IL-7, Interleukin-7, human: IL-7 is a hematopoietic growth factor which affects primarily early B and T cells. Produced by thymic stromal cells, spleen cells and keratinocytes, IL-7 can also co-stimulate the proliferation of mature T cells in combination with other factors such as ConA and…

NOGGIN, murine (mouse): Murine NOGGIN  Noggin belongs to a group of diffusible proteins which bind to ligands of the TGF-β family and regulate their activity by inhibiting their access to signaling receptors. The interplay between TGF-β ligands and their natural antagonists has…

MCP-3, CCL7, murine (mouse): Murine CCL7, also known as MARC, is belonging to the CC chemokine family. It is encoded by the gene CCL7 and was isolated from a mouse mast cell line after Fc epsilon RI triggering by IgE plus antigen. Sequence comparisons suggest that MARC may be the mouse…

IL-2, Interleukin-2, murine (mouse): Murine Interleukin-2 Mature mouse IL-2 shares 56% and 73% aa sequence identity with human and rat IL-2, respectively. It shows strain-specific heterogeneity in an N-terminal region that contains a poly-glutamine stretch. Mouse and human IL-2 exhibit…

SDF-1 alpha, CXCL12, human: SDF-1α and SDF-1β, members of the chemokine α subfamily that lack the ELR domain, were initially identified using the signal sequence trap cloning strategy from a mouse bone-marrow stromal cell line. These proteins were subsequently also cloned from…

LIF, Leukemia inhibitory factor, human: Leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) is a member of Interleukin 6 family. This protein is mainly expressed in the trophectoderm of the developing embryo, with its receptor LIFR expressed throughout the inner cell mass. LIF has the capacity to induce terminal…

IL-1 beta, Interleukin-1 beta, human: Human Interleukin-1 beta  IL-1 beta is a proinflammatory cytokine produced in a variety of cells including monocytes, tissue macrophages, keratinocytes and other epithelial cells. Both IL-1 alpha and IL-1 beta binds to the same receptor and has…

TNF alpha, Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha, human: Human Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), also called cachectic, is produced by neutrophils, activated lymphocytes, macrophages, NK cells, LAK cells, astrocytes endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells and some…

IFN gamma, Interferon gamma, human: Interferon-gamma (IFN-γ, also known as Type II interferon or immune interferon) is a cytokine produced primarily by T-lymphocytes and natural killer cells. The protein shares no significant homology with IFN-β or the various IFN-α family…

IL-1 beta, Interleukin-1 beta, monkey (rhesus macaque): IL-1 beta is a proinflammatory cytokine produced in a variety of cells including monocytes, tissue macrophages, keratinocytes, and other epithelial cells. Both IL-1 alpha and IL-1 beta binds to the same receptor and has similar if not…

M-CSF, Macrophage Colony Stimulating Factor, human: Recombinant Human Macrophage Colony Factor (rHu M-CSF) Product Description: M-CSF, also known as CSF-1, is a four α helical bundle cytokine that is the primary regulator of macrophage survival, proliferation and differentiation. M-CSF…

EGF, Epidermal Growth Factor, human: Human Epidermal Growth Factor  EGF was originally discovered in crude preparations of nerve growth factor prepared from mouse submaxillary glands as an activity that induced early eyelid opening, incisor eruption, hair growth inhibition, and stunting…

IGF-1, Insulin-like Growth factor-1, human: Human IGF-I The IGFs are mitogenic polypeptide growth factors that stimulate the proliferation and survival of various cell types including muscle, bone, and cartilage tissue in vitro. The liver predominantly produces iGFs, although a variety of…

BD-2, murine (mouse): Defensins (alpha and beta) are cationic peptides with antimicrobial activity against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, fungi, and enveloped viruses. They are 2-6 k Da proteins and take important roles in innate immune system. Based on their size and pattern of…

IL-6, Interleukin-6, human: Interleukin 6 (IL-6) is a multifunctional protein that plays important roles in host defense, acute phase reactions, immune responses, and hematopoiesis. According to the type of biological responses being studied, IL-6 was previously named interferon-β2,…

GDNF, human: Glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor, also known as GDNF is a small protein that potently promotes the survival of various neuronal subpopulations in both the central as well as the peripheral nervous systems at different stages of their development. In addition, GDNF is a…

FGF-basic, Fibroblast Growth Factor-basic, human: Human Fibroblast Growth Factor-basic FGF basic (FGF-2, HBGF-2) is one of at least 22 mitogenic proteins of the FGF family, which show 35 - 60% amino acid conservation. Unlike other FGFs, FGF acidic and basic lack signal peptides and are…

IGF-1, human: The IGFs are mitogenic polypeptide growth factors that stimulate the proliferation and survival of various cell types including muscle, bone, and cartilage tissue in vitro. The liver predominantly produces iGFs, although a variety of tissues produce the IGFs at distinctive times.…