(±)-Verapamil Hydrochloride is a α1-antagonist and calcium channel modulator. (±)-Verapamil hydrochloride is a calcium channel (L-type) modulator, adrenoceptor antagonist, anti-arrhythmic, cardiac depressant, and coronary vasodilator. It is also a calcium channel-blocker. It…

Vitamin B12 (cobalamin) refers to a group of chemically-related cobalt containing molecules involved in cell processes such as DNA synthesis, fatty acid synthesis, energy production and regulation. The physiologically active forms of vitamin B12 include methylcobalamin and adenosylcobalamin,…

Vitamin D3 is the naturally occuring form of vitamin D3. Vitamin D3 mediates intestinal calcium absorption, bone metabolism, and probably muscle activity. It acts as a hormone precursor since it requires two stages of metabolism: first to 25-hydroxycholecalciferol; then to 1 ,…

Vitamin K is a group of structurally similar, fat-soluble vitamins. Vitamin K1 is used as a cofactor in the formation of coagulation factors II (prothrombin), VII, IX and X; anticoagulant factors protein C and S and as a cell signaling factor.

Review: Vitamin A metabolism. Retinal, retinol and retinoic acid are the aldehyde, alcohol and acid forms of vitamin A. The retinoids exist as many geometric isomers due to the unsaturated bonds in the aliphatic chain. Retinoids also exist as retinyl esters such as retinyl propionate, retinyl…

Vanadyl Sulfate, Hydrate is a blue solid and is the most common source of vanadium. Highly hygroscopic, it is mostly used to act as an intermediate in the separation of vanadium from petroleum residue. It can also replicate the effects of insulin and is a component of some drugs and food…

Vitamin D3 is the naturally occuring form of vitamin D3. Vitamin D3 mediates intestinal calcium absorption, bone metabolism, and probably muscle activity. It acts as a hormone precursor since it requires two stages of metabolism: first to 25-hydroxycholecalciferol; then to 1 ,…

The product contains vitamin A acetate (approximately 21%) finely dispersed in a starch-coated matrix of gelatin (approximately 60%), sucrose (approximately 14%) and corn starch (approximately 5%). BHT and BHA are added as antioxidants. Vitamin A Acetate induces cell differentiation and inhibits…