Biologically Active Small Molecules, 500 mg
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2,7-Dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate
Cayman ChemicalA fluorescent indicator of peroxynitrite formation; neither NO, superoxide, nor hydrogen peroxide alone appear to oxidize DCFH.
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Stearic Acid
Cayman ChemicalA long-chain saturated fatty acid that does not affect plasma total cholesterol or LDL-cholesterol but may reduce HDL-cholesterol.
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Ketoconazole
Cayman ChemicalAn orally active broad spectrum antifungal agent that blocks ergosterol biosynthesis by inhibiting the fungal CYP isoform CYP51; potently inhibits the mammalian analog CYP51A1 (IC50 = 63.5 nM), as well as a variety of other CYP isoforms.
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N-Octyl-ß-D-thioglucopyranoside
Cayman ChemicalA low molecular weight nonionic detergent that is commonly used for cell lysis and non-denaturing protein solubilization.
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Thymoquinone
Cayman ChemicalA natural phytochemical with anti-inflammatory effects; inhibits the growth of leukemia cells (IC50 = 1.5 μg/ml), inducing apoptosis; at 15 μM, suppresses STAT3-regulated gene expression and prevents angiogenesis.
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n-Dodecyl-ß-D-maltoside
Cayman ChemicalA non-ionic detergent commonly used to solubilize membrane-associated proteins; helps retain the native conformation and activity of membrane-associated proteins, and facilitates the reforming of these proteins after denaturation.
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Floxuridine
Cayman ChemicalA prodrug that is rapidly catabolized in vivo to 5-fluorouracil when administered by rapid injection; inhibits thymidylate synthase (EC50 = 0.6 nM), interfering with DNA synthesis; used to treat various cancers, particularly metastases to the liver.
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Docosahexaenoic Acid
Cayman ChemicalAn essential fatty acid and the most abundant ω-3 fatty acid in neural tissues, especially in the retina and brain; constitutes as much as 40% of the total PUFA pool in retinal and neuronal membranes; dietary supplementation via fish oil inhibits the progression of atherosclerosis and delays…
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AICAR
Cayman ChemicalA selective activator of AMPK; inhibits synthesis of fatty acids and sterols in hepatocytes and insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in adipocytes.
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Oxymatrine
Cayman ChemicalA natural alkaloid with antiviral properties, inhibiting the replication of hepatitis B alone and in combination with lamivudine; prevents fibrosis in a number of organs including liver, at least in part by interfering with TGF-β signaling.
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Isovaleroylglycine
Cayman ChemicalUrinary metabolite of leucine that is used as a diagnostic tool in the diagnosis of various acidemias and mitochondrial fatty acid β-oxidation defects.
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1-thio-ß-D-Glucose (sodium salt)
Cayman ChemicalAn analog of β-D-glucose in which sulfur replaces the hydroxyl group at the one position, allowing diverse chemical reactions, including click chemistry and polymerization; can be labeled with technetium-99m for analytical and diagnostic procedures.
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Nisin A
Cayman ChemicalA bacteriocin, a natural polycyclic antibacterial peptide, also called a lantibiotic; particularly effective against Gram-positive bacteria and commonly used as a food preservative.
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Cisplatin
Cayman ChemicalA platinum-containing compound that acts as an alkylating agent; used alone or in combination therapy in the treatment of several types of cancer; inhibits the RecA recombinase of M. tuberculosis (IC50 = 2 µM), blocking protein splicing and cell growth.
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2'-Deoxyadenosine-5'-monophosphate
Cayman ChemicalA derivative of AMP that has been used in the synthesis of novel photoaffinity labels for incorporation into DNA and to study adenosine-based interactions during DNA synthesis and DNA damage.
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Imiquimod
Cayman ChemicalAn imidazoquinoline compound that activates TLR7 (EC50 = 2.1 µM) on immune cells, inducing the production of IFN-α, IL-12, and other mediators; up-regulates the OGF receptor on cancer cells, blocking cell proliferation (IC50 = 2 µM).
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Capsaicin
Cayman ChemicalThe primary active component of the heat and pain-eliciting lipid-soluble fraction of the Capsicum pepper and present in natural hot pepper extracts; elicits a sensation of burning pain by activation of TRPV1 on small, non-myelinated polymodal C-type nociceptive nerve fibers and has been widely…
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Nitro Blue Tetrazolium (chloride)
Cayman ChemicalA chromogenic substrate that, like other tetrazolium compounds, can be reduced to produce a colored formazan derivative; used in the “NBT test” to evaluate the activity of NADPH oxidase in phagocytes; paired with PCIB for the colorimetric detection of alkaline phosphatase activity.
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Kynurenic Acid
Cayman ChemicalA metabolite of tryptophan that has pronounced effects on neuronal signaling; broadly antagonizes ionotopic glutamate receptors; has potent effects at glutamate receptor subunit ζ-1 (Ki = 5.4 µM), GPR35 (EC50 = 39 µM), aryl hydrocarbon receptor (EC50 = 300…
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Aztreonam
Cayman ChemicalA monobactam antibiotic that is effective against Gram-negative bacteria but inactive against Gram-positive bacteria.
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Levosimendan
Cayman ChemicalA calcium sensitizer that causes increased cardiac contractility by binding troponin C (EC50 = 9 nM), promotes vasodilation by activating ATP-sensitive potassium channels on vascular smooth muscle cells (EC50 = 0.28 µM), and performs a cardioprotective function by…
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Homogentisic Acid
Cayman ChemicalAn intermediate in the catabolism of aromatic amino acids; formed in excess during alkaptonuria.
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Dihomo-y-Linolenic Acid ethyl ester
Cayman ChemicalDGLA is a metabolite produced by chain elongation of the essential fatty acid γ-linolenic acid. Ethyl DGLA is an esterified version of the free acid which is less water soluble, but more ammenable for the formulation of DGLA-containing diets and dietary supplements. DGLA has been advanced as…
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3,3'-Diindolylmethane
Cayman ChemicalPhytochemical from cruciferous vegetables that demonstrates anticancer and chemopreventative effects (10-30 µM) involving the induction of Phase 2 enzymes, promotion of apoptosis, induction of cell cycle arrest, inhibition of cell proliferation, and inhibition of histone deacetylases and DNA…
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Pterostilbene
Cayman ChemicalA naturally-occurring dimethyl ether analog of resveratrol; acts as a powerful antioxidant, suppresses the synthesis of PGE2 from LPS-stimulated human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (IC50 = 1.0 μM), and inhibits cell proliferation (IC50 = ~60 μM); evokes effects that…
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Linoleic Acid
Cayman ChemicalLinoleic acid is an essential fatty acid and one of the most abundant PUFAs in the western diet. Deficiencies in linoleic acid are linked to defective wound healing, growth retardation, and dermatitis. Linoleic acid is metabolized by 15-LO in both plants and animals to form 9- and 13-HODE.
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Puromycin (hydrochloride)
Cayman ChemicalAn aminonucleoside antibiotic that blocks protein synthesis in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes by causing premature termination of nascent polypeptide chains; used in assays for peptide-bond formation and elongation and also often used as selective agent in cell culture systems.
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3-chloro-5-hydroxy BA
Cayman ChemicalAn agonist of GPR81 (EC50 = 16 µM) that is inactive against the related GPR109a (HCAR2) receptor; stimulates lipolysis (increased serum free fatty acids) in mice fed high fat chow for 10 weeks; blocks basal ghrelin secretion by primary gastric mucosal cells.
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Ceftazidime (hydrate)
Cayman ChemicalA broad-spectrum β-lactam antibiotic used for parenteral administration.
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Tianeptine (sodium salt)
Cayman ChemicalAn atypical antidepressant with diverse actions, most notably on the glutamatergic system; attenuates glutamate release and modulates the function of AMPAR; acts as an agonist of the µ-opioid receptor (EC50s = 194 and 641 nM for human and mouse receptors, respectively).