Active metabolite of lactacystin, a widely used selective inhibitor of the 20S proteasome, with at least 10 times better activity; irreversibly alkylates subunit X of the 20S proteasome.

An internal standard for the quantification of 2-AG by GC- or LC-MS.

A natural kavalactone that enhances the binding of bicuculline methochloride at the GABAA receptor at 0.1 µM.

A potential metabolite of 8-iso PGF2β via the 15-hydroxy PGDH pathway.

A fluorogenic substrate for chitinases and chitotriosidases.

An internal standard for the quantification of 17β-estradiol by GC- or LC-MS.

A synthetic version of the endogenous antidiuretic hormone arginine vasopressin; acts as an agonist at human vasopressin V1a, V1b, and V2 receptors with Ki values of 62.4, 5.8, and 23.3 nM, respectively.

A structurally unusual antibiotic that inhibits NADH-dependent enoyl (Acyl-Carrier-Protein) reductase InhA, preventing mycolic acid synthesis in M. tuberculosis, including isoniazid-resistant strains (MICs = 0.31-0.63 µg/ml).

PPHP is a substrate for the measurement of peroxidase enzymes. PPHP has been used to quantitate the peroxidase activity of COX-1 and COX-2.

8-iso PGE2 is one of several isoprostanes produced from arachidonic acid during lipid peroxidation. It is a potent renal vasoconstrictor in the rat. 8-iso PGE2 inhibits U-46619 or I-BOP-induced platelet aggregation with IC₅₀ values of 0.5 and 5 µM, respectively. When infused into…

A methylsulfanylimidazole that inhibits p38 MAP kinase (IC₅₀ = 0.90 µM in vitro); potently blocks the release of TNF-α and IL-1β from human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (IC₅₀s = 0.37 and 0.044 µM, respectively).

A protopanaxatriol that has diverse in vitro and in vivo effects, including neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, and anti-diabetic actions; protects against DNA damage and apoptosis induced by ultraviolet light.

13,14-dihydro-19(R)-hydroxy PGE1 is the theoretical metabolite of 13,14-dihydro PGE1 by ω-1 hydroxylase. There are no known reports on its biosynthesis or biological activity.

An agonist of TGR5 (EC₅₀ = 0.82 µM); stimulates the secretion of GLP-1 in mice when given orally (30 mg/kg) after a glucose challenge, particularly when given with a DPP4 inhibitor; increases energy expenditure and reduces hepatic steatosis and adiposity in mice subjected to…

An internal standard for the quantification of PGE2-1-glyceryl ester by GC- or LC-MS.

A synthetic analog of natural PtdIns featuring C8:0 fatty acids at the sn-1 and sn-2 positions; contains the same inositol and DAG stereochemistry as the natural compound.

A tight-binding, allosteric inhibitor of reverse transcriptase that is active against HIV-1 and HIV-2 (both EC₅₀s = 1 nM in vitro).

An internal standard for the quantification of PGA2 by GC- or LC-MS.

A regioisomeric resveratrol metabolite that may be used as a reference standard for accurate determination of the metabolic profile of resveratrol.

Used as a standard for the analysis of fatty acids, when the fatty acids have been transesterified to methyl esters before analysis.

11β-PGF2α-d4 contains four deuterium atoms at the 3, 3', 4, and 4' positions. It is intended for use as an internal standard for the quantification of 11β-PGF2α by GC- or LC-MS.

An intermediate produced from vitamin D2 by cytochrome P450 isoforms in vertebrates; subsequently metabolized to 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D2, which is an agonist for the vitamin D receptor.

Carbaprostacyclin is a stable analog of PGI2. When infused in rabbits or dogs, it inhibits ex vivo platelet aggregation, but the effect persists only 10 minutes after termination of the infusion. This implies rapid metabolic inactivation of carbaprostacyclin. Carbaprostacyclin inhibits platelet…

A quinazoline that inhibits the tyrosine kinase activity of EGFR (IC₅₀ = 0.025 nM); inhibits the growth of SKOV3 and MDA-468 tumor cell lines (EC₅₀s = 6.5 and 30 µM, respectively).

A reversible inhibitor of PAD4 (IC50 = 50 nM) that binds to the low-calcium form of the enzyme; blocks the citrullination of PAD4 target proteins in human neutrophils and inhibits the formation of NETs in both mouse and human neutrophils.

A pyrazine derivative that is used as a flavoring agent in the food and tobacco industry; has DNA strand breakage activity and strongly inhibits IL-2 production by Jurkat cells stimulated with phytohemagglutinin (IC₅₀ = ~1.25 mM).

A metabolite of estradiol 3-sulfate that has been modified by a UDP-glucuronosyltransferase; enhances utilization by anion transporters, most commonly leading to excretion in urine and bile.

A plant growth regulator that activates various signal transduction pathways with both growth promoting and inhibitory functions, perhaps in response to stress; initially synthesized as (+)7-epi jasmonic acid, a more active and biologically relevant form of the hormone, but quickly epimerizes to…

An EpEDE acid formed from DGLA, either by a strong oxidizing agent or by cytochrome P450 epoxygenases; biological properties are poorly understood.

A metabolite of (±)12(13)-EpOME.

An internal standard for the quantification of OEA by GC- or LC-MS.

An irreversible inhibitor of BMX (IC₅₀ = 8 nM) and BTK (IC₅₀ = 10.4 nM); inhibits the proliferation of Tel-BMX-transformed Ba/F3 prostate cancer cells (GI₅₀ = 25 nM), as well as RV-1, DU-145, PC-3, and VCAP prostate cancer cell lines (GI₅₀s = 2.54, 4.38,…