Biologically Active Small Molecules, 25 g
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Bromophenol Blue
Cayman ChemicalCommonly used as a pH indicator, a color marker in agarose or polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and a dye to detect proteins and nucleic acids (absorbance at 610 nm), particularly when staining living tissues.
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Tranexamic Acid
Cayman ChemicalAn inhibitor of fibrinolysis that blocks the interaction of plasmin with fibrin (IC50 = 3.1 µM).
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Aminoguanidine (hydrochloride)
Cayman ChemicalAminoguanidine is equipotent to L-NMMA and L-NNA as an inhibitor of iNOS. The IC50 values for inhibition of mouse iNOS and rat nNOS are 5.4 and 160 µM, respectively. Aminoguanidine also inhibits induction of iNOS protein expression by endotoxin in rat macrophages.
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Tyramine
Cayman ChemicalA trace amine that activates TAAR1 (EC50s = 0.08, 0.69, and 2.26 µM for rat, mouse, and human-rat chimera receptors, respectively); inhibits the release of norepinephrine and dopamine (IC50s = 40.6 and 119 nM, respectively).
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Cimetidine
LKT LabsCimetidine is an antihistamine that inhibits H2 histamine receptors, exhibiting antacid and anticancer chemotherapeutic activities. Cimetidine inhibits catalase activity and also acts as an antagonist at androgen receptors. Cimetidine increases the efficacy of chemotherapeutic compounds when…
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Xylazine
Cayman ChemicalAn agonist of α2 adrenergic receptors (Ki = 194 nM); used for sedation, anesthesia, and analgesia in non-human mammals.
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Bromhexine Hydrochloride
LKT LabsBromhexine is a synthetic derivative of vasicine that exhibits mucolytic and antioxidative activities. Bromhexine increases production of serous mucus, decreases mucus viscosity, and helps cilia transport mucus out of the lungs. Bromhexine is clinically used to treat respiratory disorders…
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Fenbendazole
Cayman ChemicalA broad-spectrum benzimidazole anthelmintic that is active against gastrointestinal parasites (IC50 = 0.30 µM against Giardia in vitro) by targeting tubulin; activates HIF-1α, abrogating oxidative stress-induced death in primary neurons in vitro.
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2-Hydroxypropyl-ß-cyclodextrin
Cayman ChemicalA cyclic oligosaccharide containing seven D-(+)-glucopyranose units that is widely used to improve the aqueous solubility of various compounds, especially those containing a phenyl group.
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ß-D-Glucose
Cayman ChemicalOne of two cyclic forms of D-glucose that is the monomer unit in cellulose.
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Cholesterol
MP BiomedicalsCholesterol is the principal sterol of the higher animals, found in all body tissues. It is the main constituent of gallstones and all biological membranes. Approximately 25% of total brain lipid is cholesterol. Cholesterol, followed by the chemical suffix -ol for an alcohol, is an organic chemical…
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Probucol
Cayman ChemicalA potent antioxidant that inhibits the oxidation of cholesterol in LDL and HDL by impairing the translocation of ABCA1 from intracellular compartments to the plasma membrane.
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Taurodeoxycholic Acid (sodium salt)
Cayman ChemicalA bile salt formed in the liver by conjugation of deoxycholate with taurine; used to solubilize lipids and membrane-bound proteins and also as a vehicle to assist with vaccine delivery.
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Lecithin from Egg
MP BiomedicalsLecithin is the major membrane phospholipid in eukaryotic cells. In addition to being the major structural component of cellular membranes, it serves as a reservoir for several lipid messengers. It is the source of the bioactive lipids lysophosphatidylcholine, phosphatidic acid, diacylglycerol,…
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Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) disodium is clinically used to inhibit reperfusion injury after myocardial infarction during percutaneous coronary intervention; it also improves left ventricular function in clinical settings. ATP itself is a coenzyme and unit of cellular energy. ATP is required for…
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a-Naphthoflavone
Cayman ChemicalA flavone that modulates xenobiotic metabolism; antagonizes AhR at nanomolar concentrations, although it agonizes AhR at higher concentrations (10 µM); inhibits CYP19, CYP1A1, CYP1A2, and CYP1B1 (IC50s = 500, 60, 6, and 5 nM, respectively), whereas it activates CYP3A4 (Kd = 7.4 µM).
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ß-Carotene
Cayman ChemicalA red/orange-colored fat-soluble terpenoid with antioxidant properties; can be cleaved to produce vitamin A and retinoic acid.
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Trimethoprim
Cayman ChemicalA synthetic antibiotic that inhibits dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR), with prominent selectivity for bacterial DHFR over mammalian DHFR (IC50s = 5 and 30,000 nM, respectively); commonly used in combination with sulfamethoxazole to minimize acquired resistance.
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Chlorhexidine (hydrochloride)
Cayman ChemicalAn an antimicrobial agent that is often used in antiseptics and dental products such as toothpaste and mouthwash; inhibits MMP-2, -8, and -9.
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L-DOPA
Cayman ChemicalA metabolic precursor of dopamine that crosses the blood brain barrier; used to treat Parkinson’s disease and stroke damage.
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ß-Estradiol
MP Biomedicalsβ-estradiol is a potent mammalian estrogenic hormone produced by the ovary. Triggers the production of gonadotropins leading to ovulation. β-Estradiol is used to study cell differentiation and transformations (tumorigenicity). The pharmacology and HPLC determination of β-Estradiol…
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Aceclofenac
LKT LabsAceclofenac is a diclofenac analog that exhibits anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities. Aceclofenac is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) that somewhat selectively inhibits COX-2; it is clinically used to treat rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, and ankylosing spondylitis.…
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Nicardipine (hydrochloride)
Cayman ChemicalA dihydropyridine L-type calcium channel antagonist that displays antihypertensive and antianginal activity; selectively inhibits adenosine A3 receptors (Ki = 3.25 µM) and CYP3A4 catalytic activity (IC50 = 0.148 µM); activates TRPA1 channels, producing an increase in Ca2+…
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L-Glutathione, reduced
Cayman ChemicalGSH is a tripeptide (γ-glutamylcysteinylglycine) widely distributed in both plants and animals. GSH serves as a nucleophilic co-substrate to glutathione transferases in the detoxification of xenobiotics and is an essential electron donor to glutathione peroxidases in the reduction of…
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Adenine
LKT LabsAdenine is a purine nucleotide base that is involved in the synthesis of RNA and DNA. Adenine also plays roles in cellular respiration as a component of ATP, NAD, and FAD. Grade: ≥98%
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Tetrazolium (chloride)
Cayman ChemicalA redox indicator used to detect cellular respiration; primarily reduced by Complex I in mitochondria and, under anaerobic conditions, is completely reduced to an insoluble red 1,3,5-triphenylformazan.
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Ampicillin (sodium salt)
Cayman ChemicalAn antibacterial antibiotic that acts by interfering directly with the biosynthesis of peptidoglycan, which constitutes the major component of the bacterial cell wall, leading to structural instability and death of bacteria; used as a selective antibiotic for resistant bacteria.
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2-Thenoyltrifluoroacetone
Cayman ChemicalAn inhibitor of respiration in animals and bacteria; binds at the quinone reduction site of succinate:ubiquinone oxidoreductase (SQR; Complex II) in animals, preventing ubiquinone from binding; inhibits NADH fumarate reductase in bacteria; inhibits photosystem II in plants.
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Propylthiouracil
Cayman ChemicalA derivative of thiouracil which has long been used to correct hyperthyroidism; also used as a genetic marker for taste, since only some people detect it as a bitter taste.
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Taurocholic Acid (sodium salt)
Cayman ChemicalA bile salt formed in the liver by conjugation of cholic acid with taurine that can be used to solubilize lipids and membrane-bound proteins.