Cembrenediols are diterpenes originally found in Anisomeles. These compounds exhibit antibacterial activity against Mycobacterium and antifungal activity against Colletotrichum. Grade: ≥98%

Aflatoxins are mycotoxins found in foods and livestock feeds that were initially produced by species of Aspergillus. Aflatoxin B2 is cytotoxic; it inhibits DNA synthesis and induces cell cycle arrest.

Aflatoxins are mycotoxins found in foods and livestock feeds that were initially produced by species of Aspergillus. Aflatoxin G1 is cytotoxic; it inhibits DNA synthesis and induces cell cycle arrest.

Cefoperazone is a third generation β-lactam cephalosporin antibiotic. Cefoperazone exhibits antibacterial efficacy against gram positive and gram negative bacteria, inhibiting penicillin binding proteins to prevent peptidoglycan synthesis and bacterial cell wall formation. Cefoperazone also…

Chenodeoxycholic acid is an endogenous bile acid synthesized by the liver; it acts as an agonist at the farnesoid X receptor (FXR). Chenodeoxycholic acid exhibits anticancer and gastrointestinal motility modulating activities. This compound treats chronic constipation and displays protective…

Ceftriaxone is a third generation β-lactam cephalosporin antibiotic. Ceftriaxone exhibits antibacterial efficacy against gram positive and gram negative bacteria, inhibiting penicillin binding protein activity to prevent peptidoglycan synthesis and bacterial cell wall formation. Ceftriaxone is…

Bis(3,5-dibromosalicyl) fumarate is an aspirin analog that is used to induce hemoglobin chain crosslinks at lysine residues. This compound is used to study hemoglobin function in research models and may be used to develop treatments for sickle-cell anemia. This compound may exhibit…

Citrinin is a mycotoxin initially produced by Penicillum, Aspergillus, and Monascus. Citrinin exhibits cytotoxic, cardiotoxic, nephrotoxic, and pro-oxidative activities. In leydig cells, citrinin inhibits testosterone production and induces caspase-mediated apoptosis. In embryos, citrinin alters…

Allicin is an thiocyanate found in garlic; it exhibits a wide variety of properties, including anticancer, antioxidative, antihypertensive, anti-arrhythmic, anti-parasitic, and anti-diabetic activities. In vitro, allicin binds cellular nucleic acid, primarily nitrogenous bases and phosphate…

Amyloid-ß (Aß) is a peptide cleavage product of amyloid precursor protein (APP) that is often used as a biomarker in Alzheimer’s disease. Misfolded Aß oligomers instigate conformation changes in other, normally folded Aß oligomers, increasing the number of misfolded proteins and eventually forming…

CAY10505 is an inhibitor of p110? PI3K. CAY10505 increases endothelial relaxation, normalizes levels of glutathione, nitrate, and nitrite, and alters the vascular endothelial lining in hypertensive rats, improving vascular endothelial dysfunction. Grade: ≥98%

2-n-Butylthiophene is a sulfur analog of furan originally found in cooked meat products. 2-n-Butylthiophene is a phase II enzyme inducer that exhibits antioxidative and chemopreventive activities. This compound increases levels of glutathione and glutathione-S-transferase, preventing…

Amyloid-ß (Aß) is a peptide cleavage product of amyloid precursor protein (APP) that is often used as a biomarker in Alzheimer’s disease. Misfolded Aß oligomers instigate conformation changes in other, normally folded Aß oligomers, increasing the number of misfolded proteins and eventually forming…

Aceclofenac is a diclofenac analog that exhibits anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities. Aceclofenac is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) that somewhat selectively inhibits COX-2; it is clinically used to treat rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, and ankylosing spondylitis.…

Bis(salicyl) fumarate is an aspirin analog that is used to induce hemoglobin chain crosslinks at lysine residues. This compound is used to study hemoglobin function in research models and may be used to develop treatments for sickle-cell anemia. This compound may exhibit anti-inflammatory,…

Ambroxol is a bronchial expectorant that also exhibits antioxidative activity. Ambroxol stimulates the ciliary beat frequency and increases mucous secretion in the lung and trachea. In clinical settings, ambroxol increases levels of thioredoxin and thioredoxin reductase, decreasing oxidative stress…

Chlorpromazine is a phenothiazine that exhibits antipsychotic, antidepressant, anxiolytic, neuroprotective, and anticancer chemotherapeutic activities. Chlorpromazine inhibits D1/2/3/4 receptors, 5-HT1/2 receptors, a1/2-adrenergic receptors, and M1/2 muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChRs).…

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) disodium is clinically used to inhibit reperfusion injury after myocardial infarction during percutaneous coronary intervention; it also improves left ventricular function in clinical settings. ATP itself is a coenzyme and unit of cellular energy. ATP is required for…

Carvedilol is an a1- and ß1/2-adrenergic receptor antagonist used to treat congestive heart failure; its inhibitory action at adrenergic receptors slows heart rhythm, decreasing force, pressure, and cardiac workload. Carvedilol also inhibits release of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-a and…

β-cembrenediol is a diterpene product found in tobacco plants and cigarette smoke. β-cembrenediol displays weak anticancer and antimicrobial activity, exhibiting some cytotoxicity in cellular models. Grade: ≥98%

Dihydroartemisinin is a sesquiterpene lactone that can be derived from Artemisia. Dihydroartemisinin exhibits anticancer, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, anti-asthma, and anti-parasitic activities. Artemisinins such as dihydroartemisinin are best known for their antimalarial activity.…

Ceftiofur is a third generation β-lactam antibacterial used in livestock. Like other similar antibiotics, ceftiofur inhibits synthesis of bacterial cell walls by inhibiting penicillin binding proteins. Ceftiofur also displays anti-inflammatory activity. In vivo, this compound decreases…

Bitertanol is an antifungal pesticide; it acts as a demethylation inhibitor, preventing sterol biosynthesis and disrupting membrane function. Bitertanol increases glutathione-S-transferase activity in the liver of rats, displaying potential antioxidative activity. Additionally, bitertanol alters…

Chlormadinone is a synthetic steroidal progesterone that exhibits anti-androgenic and anti-osteoporotic activities. Chlormadinone is occasionally used as a contraceptive but also treats benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). In bone marrow stem cells, chlormadinone…

Cholesterol is a sterol component of animal cell membranes that is required for membrane fluidity. Cholesterol is also the precursor to most steroid hormones, bile acids, and vitamin D compounds. Additionally, cholesterol is involved in vesicular transport and nerve conduction, and shows some…

Chrysin is a flavone/flavonoid initially found in Passiflora, Oroxylum, and Pleurotis; it is also a byproduct found in propolis. Chrysin exhibits anti-estrogenic, anti-inflammatory, anxiolytic, neuroprotective, cognition enhancing, antioxidative, anti-metastatic, anticancer chemotherapeutic, and…

Amiloride is a potassium-sparing diuretic that exhibits antihypertensive and antiviral activities. Amiloride inhibits epithelial Na+ channels (ENaCs), acid-sensing ion channels, and Na+/H+ antiporters. Amiloride prevents Na+ reabsorption in the kidney, increasing excretion of Na+ and water; it is…

Aflatoxins are mycotoxins found in foods and livestock feeds that were initially produced by species of Aspergillus. Aflatoxin M1 is the hydroxylated metabolite of aflatoxin B1; it inhibits DNA synthesis and induces cell cycle arrest.

4-Bromoflavone displays antioxidative and chemopreventive activities. 4-Bromoflavone activates Nrf2-Keap1-ARE complex signaling and also induces quinone reductase and other phase II enzymes. Additionally, this compound prevents the development of mammary tumors, increasing tumor latency in vivo.

Aspartame is a dipeptide ester that is used as an artificial sweetener in commercial food production. Aspartame exhibits antibacterial efficacy against Porphyromonas, a periodontal pathogen. In vivo, aspartame also displays antinociceptive activity, increasing latency times in tail flick and paw…

AGDV is a C-terminal peptide sequence found on fibrinogen that is known as a binding site for glycoprotein IIb/IIIa (integrin aIIbß3); this binding is required for platelet adhesion and aggregation.

ARRY-162 is an orally bioavailable noncompetitive inhibitor of MEK1/2 and ERK that shows anticancer chemotherapeutic activity. Inhibition of MEK inhibits downstream signaling by IL-1, IL-6, and TNF. ARRY-162 inhibits proliferation in melanoma, non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), head/neck cancer,…