LKT Labs Biologically Active Small Molecules
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L-(+)-Ascorbic Acid
LKT LabsL-Ascorbic acid is a vitamin C compound that can be found in many food and plant sources. L-Ascorbic acid exhibits antioxidative benefit and reducing activity; in vitro, it can act as a prolyl hydroxylase cofactor. Grade; ≥98%
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ß-Carotene
LKT Labsß-Carotene is a red-orange terpene pigment originally found in various plants and fruits; it is a prodrug for vitamin A. ß-Carotene exhibits antioxidative, cytoprotective, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-hyperlipidemic, and anti-obesity activities. ß-Carotene is used in research models to…
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Carveol
LKT LabsCarveol is a terpene alcohol initially found in spearmint oil that exhibits anti-parasitic, neuromodulatory, and anticancer activities. Carveol is commercially used as a food additive and fragrance. This compound activates transient receptor potential vanilloid 3 (TRPV3) channels in vitro and…
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Borrelidin
LKT LabsBorrelidin is a macrolide antibiotic initially produced by Streptomyces. Borrelidin exhibits anti-parasitic, antifungal, anticancer, and anti-angiogenic activities. This compound inhibits threonyl-tRNA synthetase/ligase, inhibiting growth and survival of Trypanosoma, Plasmodium, and Phytophthora.…
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Aflatoxin B2
LKT LabsAflatoxins are mycotoxins found in foods and livestock feeds that were initially produced by species of Aspergillus. Aflatoxin B2 is cytotoxic; it inhibits DNA synthesis and induces cell cycle arrest.
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Chlormadinone Acetate
LKT LabsChlormadinone is a synthetic steroidal progesterone that exhibits anti-androgenic and anti-osteoporotic activities. Chlormadinone is occasionally used as a contraceptive but also treats benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). In bone marrow stem cells, chlormadinone…
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ß-Amyloid Peptide (1-42), rat
LKT LabsAmyloid-ß (Aß) is a peptide cleavage product of amyloid precursor protein (APP) that is often used as a biomarker in Alzheimer’s disease. Misfolded Aß oligomers instigate conformation changes in other, normally folded Aß oligomers, increasing the number of misfolded proteins and eventually forming…
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Amyloid-ß (25-35)
LKT LabsAmyloid-ß (Aß) is a peptide cleavage product of amyloid precursor protein (APP) that is often used as a biomarker in Alzheimer’s disease. Misfolded Aß oligomers instigate conformation changes in other, normally folded Aß oligomers, increasing the number of misfolded proteins and eventually forming…
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ß-Amyloid Peptide (1-40), rat
LKT LabsAmyloid-ß (Aß) is a peptide cleavage product of amyloid precursor protein (APP) that is often used as a biomarker in Alzheimer’s disease. Misfolded Aß oligomers instigate conformation changes in other, normally folded Aß oligomers, increasing the number of misfolded proteins and eventually forming…
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ß-Amyloid Peptide (1-40)
LKT LabsAmyloid-ß (Aß) is a peptide cleavage product of amyloid precursor protein (APP) that is often used as a biomarker in Alzheimer’s disease. Misfolded Aß oligomers instigate conformation changes in other, normally folded Aß oligomers, increasing the number of misfolded proteins and eventually forming…
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Citrinin
LKT LabsCitrinin is a mycotoxin initially produced by Penicillum, Aspergillus, and Monascus. Citrinin exhibits cytotoxic, cardiotoxic, nephrotoxic, and pro-oxidative activities. In leydig cells, citrinin inhibits testosterone production and induces caspase-mediated apoptosis. In embryos, citrinin alters…
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Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) is an endogenous neuropeptide that exhibits anti-inflammatory, anti-resorptive, anxiogenic, neuroprotective, and pro-angiogenic activities. In animal models of livery injury, CGRP displays protective benefit, decreasing pro-inflammatory cytokine levels. CGRP…
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Antimycin A
LKT LabsAntimycin A was initially produced by Streptomyces. Antimycin A binds cytochrome c reductase, inhibiting electron transport chain activity, oxidative phosphorylation, and ATP synthesis. Antimycin A is used in research models to study mitochondrial respiration and superoxide production. Grade: ≥98%
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Allyl Disulfide
LKT LabsAllyl disulfide is an organosulfur originally found in garlic that exhibits antioxidative, antiviral, neuroprotective, anti-parasitic, anticancer, and anti-hyperlipidemic activities. Allyl disulfide induces phase II enzymes, inhibits lipid peroxidation, and acts as a radical scavenger. In vitro,…
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Altretamine
LKT LabsAltretamine is an anticancer chemotherapeutic agent that binds DNA at guanine and cytosine residues, forming DNA adducts. This alkylating agent is also metabolized to formaldehyde. Altretamine is clinically used to treat ovarian cancer.
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Cholecalciferol
LKT LabsCholecalciferol (vitamin D3) is an endogenous prodrug of calcifediol; cholecalciferol is synthesized in the skin under UV-B exposure. Cholecalciferol supplements are occasionally used to prevent bone loss. D vitamins commonly exhibit anti-osteoporotic, immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, and…
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(+)-Bicuculline
LKT LabsBicuculline is a neuromodulatory GABA-A receptor antagonist used to study regional variation of GABA receptors and the role of GABA-A receptors in motor disorders, pain, seizure, nociception, anxiety, and memory. Through its inhibition of GABA-A receptors, bicuculline potentiates activation at NMDA…
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Cisplatin
LKT LabsCisplatin is a platinum-based cross-linking agent that exhibits anticancer chemotherapeutic activity. Cisplatin induces crosslinks between guanine bases on DNA; it is clinically used to treat various forms of cancer. In lung cancer cells, cisplatin decreases phosphorylation of PI3K, Akt, and FOXO3a…
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Actinomycin
LKT LabsActinomycin D is a polypeptide antibiotic produced from Streptomyces; it exhibits anticancer chemotherapeutic activity but does not display antibacterial benefit. Actinomycin D is clinically used to treat various cancers and is one component of the VAC chemotherapy regimen. Actinomycin D binds DNA,…
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Caffeic Acid
LKT LabsCaffeic acid is a hydroxycinnamic acid found in coffee, argan oil, Eucaplyptus, Salvinia, and Phellinus; it exhibits antioxidative, anti-diabetic, antibiotic, anti-inflammatory, anti-metastatic, and anticancer activities. Caffeic acid inhibits activity of a-amylase and a-glucosidase. This compound…
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6-Aminocaproic Acid
LKT Labs6-Aminocaproic acid is a protease inhibitor that displays anticancer activity but is limited by cytotoxicity. 6-Aminocaproic acid inhibits plasmin, preventing fibrinolysis; it may exhibit pro-thrombotic activity, as it is clinically used to treat bleeding disorders.
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Butylated Hydroxytoluene
LKT LabsButylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) is commonly used as a food and cosmetics additive; it exhibits antioxidative and anti-inflammatory activities. BHT may also display neuroprotective benefit, decreasing ethanol-induced brain damage and neurodegeneration and suppressing activation of NF-?B activation…
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ß-Cembrenediol Methyl Ether
LKT Labsβ-cembrenediol is a diterpene product found in tobacco plants and cigarette smoke. β-cembrenediol displays weak anticancer and antimicrobial activity, exhibiting some cytotoxicity in cellular models. Grade: ≥98%
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Aceclofenac
LKT LabsAceclofenac is a diclofenac analog that exhibits anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities. Aceclofenac is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) that somewhat selectively inhibits COX-2; it is clinically used to treat rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, and ankylosing spondylitis.…
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Cetirizine Dihydrochloride
LKT LabsCetirizine is a second generation antihistamine that exhibits anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and anti-allergic activities. Cetirizine inhibits histamine H1 receptors and is used to treat dermatitis in clinical settings. In vitro, cetirizine inhib Grade: ≥99%
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Canrenone
LKT LabsCanrenone is an active metabolite of spironolactone that acts as an aldosterone antagonist, anti-androgen, and diuretic. Canrenone acts as a partial agonist on the Na+/K+ ATPase. Grade: ≥98%
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Chrysin
LKT LabsChrysin is a flavone/flavonoid initially found in Passiflora, Oroxylum, and Pleurotis; it is also a byproduct found in propolis. Chrysin exhibits anti-estrogenic, anti-inflammatory, anxiolytic, neuroprotective, cognition enhancing, antioxidative, anti-metastatic, anticancer chemotherapeutic, and…
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Carcinoembryonic Antigen (605-613)
LKT LabsThis peptide is an epitope of carcinoembryonic antigen and is recognized by T cells in the immune system; it may have potential in the development of vaccines or targeting therapies. Grade: ≥95%
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Capsaicin, natural
LKT LabsCapsaicin is an agonist of transient receptor potential vanilloid (TRPV) channels that was originally found in peppers of the Capsicum genus. Capsaicin exhibits analgesic, anti-inflammatory, anti-obesity, and anticancer chemotherapeutic activity. Capsaicin also displays bronchoconstrictive activity…
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Calcitonin, chicken
LKT LabsCalcitonin is an endogenous neuropeptide that exhibits pro-oncogenic, anti-osteoarthritic, and anti-resorptive activities. Calcitonin induces activation of NF-?B, upregulating expression and activity of fibronectin, MMP-1, MMP-2, and MMP-9 and increasing cell growth in osteosarcoma cells. When…
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Amitriptyline Hydrochloride
LKT LabsAmitriptyline exhibits antidepressant, antipsychotic, analgesic, and antinociceptive activities; it acts as an antagonist at 5-HT2A/2C/6/7 receptors, M1-5 muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChRs), H1/4 histamine receptors, a1-adrenergic receptors, and also on the serotonin transporter (SERT) and…
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Chenodeoxycholic Acid
LKT LabsChenodeoxycholic acid is an endogenous bile acid synthesized by the liver; it acts as an agonist at the farnesoid X receptor (FXR). Chenodeoxycholic acid exhibits anticancer and gastrointestinal motility modulating activities. This compound treats chronic constipation and displays protective…