Doxycycline is an antibiotic  against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. More active biologically than the corresponding 6b-epimer hydrochloride. Derivative of oxytetracycline. A broad spectrum inhibitor used to inhibit matrix metallo-proteinases (MMP) such as type 1 collagenase in…

Vancomycin inhibits bacterial mucopeptide biosynthesis. Vancomycin is a glycopeptide antibiotic that blocks bacterial cell wall biosynthesis at the level of peptidoglycan biosynthesis. It inhibits incorporation of terminal D-alanyl-D-alanine moieties of the NAM/NAG-peptides. It is effective against…

Chloramphenicol is a synthetic antibiotic, which was first isolated from strains of Streptomyces venezuelae. It has a broad spectrum of activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Chloramphenicol inhibits bacterial protein synthesis by blocking the peptidyl transferase step…

Ampicillin is a semi-synthetic derivative of penicillin, active as a broad-spectrum antibiotic. It is inactivated by beta-lactamases and for this reason a beta-lactamase inhibitor should be considered when using ampicillin. Against gram-positive bacteria, ampicillin has a similar mode of action as…

A water-soluble bacteriolytic antibiotic in the carboxypenicillin group. It is effective against gram-negative bacteria. Inhibits bacterial cell-wall synthesis (peptidoglycan cross-linking) by inactivating transpeptidases on the inner surface of the bacterial cell membrane.

Piperacillin is a semisynthetic, broad-spectrum ureidopenicillin antibiotic. It is derived from ampicillin. Piperacillin inhibits the last stage of bacterial cell wall synthesis by binding to certain penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs), which results in cell lysis. Cell lysis is mediated by…