Working concentrations for specific applications should be determined by the investigators. The appropriate concentrations may be affected by secondary antibody affinity, antigen concentration, the sensitivity of the method of detection, temperature, the length of the incubations, and other…

Palivizumab with trade name Synagis, is an FDA-approved drug for the prevention of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infections. It is a recombinant humanized IgG1 kappa isotype monoclonal antibody. Palivizumab binds the RSV envelope fusion protein (RSV F) on the surface of the virus and blocking a…

Ustekinumab with trade name Stelara, is an FDA-approved drug to Crohn's disease, Ulcerative Colitis, Plaque Psoriasis and Psoriatic Arthritis, targeting both interleukins (IL)-12 and IL-23. Ustekinumab is a fully human immunoglobulin G1 kappa mAb that binds to IL-12 and IL-23. Ustekinumab binds…

Panitumumab with trade name Vectibix, is an FDA-approved drug for the treatment of patients with EGFR-expressing metastatic colorectal carcinoma with non-mutated (wild-type) KRAS after failure of fluoropyrimidine-, oxaliplatin- and irinotecan-containing chemotherapy regimens. It is a human…

Panitumumab with trade name Vectibix, is an FDA-approved drug for the treatment of patients with EGFR-expressing metastatic colorectal carcinoma with non-mutated (wild-type) KRAS after failure of fluoropyrimidine-, oxaliplatin- and irinotecan-containing chemotherapy regimens. It is a human…

Avelumab with trade name Bavencio, is an FDA-approved drug to treat Merkel cell carcinoma, urothelial carcinoma, and renal cell carcinoma. Avelumab is a whole monoclonal antibody of isotype IgG1 that binds to the programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) and therefore inhibits binding to its receptor…

Infliximab with the brand name of Remicade, is a chimeric monoclonal IgG1 antibody. It binds to TNF-α, which is a key proinflammatory cytokine involved in chronic inflammatory diseases. Infliximab functions as TNF-α blocker to disrupt the interaction of TNF-α with its receptors. …

Dupilumab with trade name Dupixent, is an FDA-approved drug for the treatment of patients aged 6 years and older with moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis. It is a human monoclonal antibody. Dupilumab binds to the interleukin-4 receptor alpha (IL-4Rα) subunit shared by the interleukin (IL)-4…

Palivizumab with trade name Synagis, is an FDA-approved drug for the prevention of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infections. It is a recombinant humanized IgG1 kappa isotype monoclonal antibody. Palivizumab binds the RSV envelope fusion protein (RSV F) on the surface of the virus and blocking a…

Working concentrations for specific applications should be determined by the investigators. The appropriate concentrations may be affected by secondary antibody affinity, antigen concentration, the sensitivity of the method of detection, temperature, the length of the incubations, and other…

Omalizumab with trade name Xolair, is an FDA-approved drug for the treatment of moderate to severe persistent asthma in adults and adolescents (12 years of age and above). It is a recombinant humanized monoclonal antibody. It selectively binds to human immunoglobulin E (IgE). Omalizumab inhibits…

SARS-CoV-2 (Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2), also known as 2019-nCoV, is a positive-sense single-stranded RNA virus. It caused coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Nucleocapsid Protein is a most abundant structure protein of the coronavirus which is associated with nucleic acid. …

Etanercept with trade name Enbrel, is an FDA-approved drug to treat rheumatoid arthritis, juvenile idiopathic arthritis and psoriatic arthritis, plaque psoriasis and ankylosing spondylitis. Etanercept is a fusion protein made from the combination of two naturally occurring soluble human…

Adeno-associated virus type 2 (AAV2) is a valuable vector for gene therapy. It is one member of the human parvovirus family which depends on co-infection with helper viruses such as adenovirus or herpes virus for efficient reproduction. AAV2 empty capsids are composed of three proteins, VP1, VP2…

Working concentrations for specific applications should be determined by the investigator. The appropriate concentrations may be affected by secondary antibody affinity, antigen concentration, the sensitivity of the method of detection, temperature, the length of the incubations, and other factors.…

Omalizumab with trade name Xolair, is an FDA-approved drug for the treatment of moderate to severe persistent asthma in adults and adolescents (12 years of age and above). It is a recombinant humanized monoclonal antibody. It selectively binds to human immunoglobulin E (IgE). Omalizumab inhibits…

Denosumab with trade name Prolia, is an FDA-approved drug for the treatment of patients with osteoporosis, treatment-induced bone loss, metastases to bone, and giant cell tumor of bone. Denosumab is a fully human monoclonal antibody that works as a RANK ligand (RANKL) inhibitor. Denosumab can bind…

Working concentrations for specific applications should be determined by the investigators. The appropriate concentrations may be affected by secondary antibody affinity, antigen concentration, the sensitivity of the method of detection, temperature, the length of the incubations, and other…

Denosumab with trade name Prolia, is an FDA-approved drug for the treatment of patients with osteoporosis, treatment-induced bone loss, metastases to bone, and giant cell tumor of bone. Denosumab is a fully human monoclonal antibody that works as a RANK ligand (RANKL) inhibitor. Denosumab can bind…

Sarilumab with the trade name of Kevzara, is a human monoclonal IgG1 antibody. It binds to membrane bound and soluble interleukin 6 (IL-6) receptor forms. It was FDA-approved in for the treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) in combination with methotrexate. GenScript Anti-Sarilumab Antibody,…

Adeno-associated virus type 8 (AAV8) is a valuable vector for gene therapy. It is one member of the human parvovirus family which depends on co-infection with helper viruses such as adenovirus or herpes virus for efficient reproduction. AAV8 empty capsids are composed of three proteins, VP1, VP2…

Dupilumab with trade name Dupixent, is an FDA-approved drug for the treatment of patients aged 6 years and older with moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis. It is a human monoclonal antibody. Dupilumab binds to the interleukin-4 receptor alpha (IL-4Rα) subunit shared by the interleukin (IL)-4…

Eculizumab with trade name Soliris, is an FDA-approved drug to treat paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH), atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome (aHUS), and neuromyelitis optica. Eculizumab is a recombinant humanized monoclonal antibody against the complement protein C5. Eculizumab specifically…

Etanercept with trade name Enbrel, is an FDA-approved drug to treat rheumatoid arthritis, juvenile idiopathic arthritis and psoriatic arthritis, plaque psoriasis and ankylosing spondylitis. Etanercept is a fusion protein made from the combination of two naturally occurring soluble human…

Golimumab with trade name Simponi, is an FDA-approved drug for the treatment of Rheumatoid arthritis (RA), Psoriatic Arthritis (PsA), Ankylosing Spondylitis (AS) and Ulcerative Colitis (UC). It is a human IgG1κ monoclonal antibody that binds to Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha (TNF-alpha), thereby…

Panitumumab with trade name Vectibix, is an FDA-approved drug for the treatment of patients with EGFR-expressing metastatic colorectal carcinoma with non-mutated (wild-type) KRAS after failure of fluoropyrimidine-, oxaliplatin- and irinotecan-containing chemotherapy regimens. It is a human…

Working concentrations for specific applications should be determined by the investigators. The appropriate concentrations may be affected by secondary antibody affinity, antigen concentration, the sensitivity of the method of detection, temperature, the length of the incubations, and other…

Omalizumab with trade name Xolair, is an FDA-approved drug for the treatment of moderate to severe persistent asthma in adults and adolescents (12 years of age and above). It is a recombinant humanized monoclonal antibody. It selectively binds to human immunoglobulin E (IgE). Omalizumab inhibits…

SARS-CoV-2 (Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2), also known as 2019-nCoV, is a positive-sense single-stranded RNA virus. It caused coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). SARS-CoV-2 contains glycosylated spike (S) protein, which is composed of S1 subunit and S2 subunit. The S1 contains a…

Adeno-associated virus (AAV) is a single-stranded DNA virus that commonly infects humans without pathology. Therefore, AAV can be engineered to deliver DNA to target cells as a vector for gene therapy. There are several serotypes including AAV type 1, 2, 5, 6, 8, 9, DJ and rh.1. Among them, AAV2 is…

SARS-CoV-2 (Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2), also known as 2019-nCoV, is a positive-sense single-stranded RNA virus. It caused coronavirus disease in 2019 (COVID-19). SARS-CoV-2 contains glycosylated spike (S) protein, which is composed of S1 subunit and S2 subunit. The S1 contains…

SARS-CoV-2 (Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2), also known as 2019-nCoV, is a positive-sense single-stranded RNA virus. It caused coronavirus disease in 2019 (COVID-19). SARS-CoV-2 contains glycosylated spike (S) protein, which is composed of S1 subunit and S2 subunit. The S1 contains…