cAMP is a ubiquitous cellular second messenger that is a critical component of a signal transduction pathway linking membrane receptors and their ligands to the activation of internal cellular enzymatic activity and gene expression. cAMP is synthesized from ATP by membrane-bound adenylate cyclase…

Progesterone, along with pregnenolone, is the biosynthetic precursor of all other steroid hormones. The main function of progesterone is to prepare the uterine lining for implantation of a fertilized ovum and to maintain pregnancy. Measurement of serum or plasma progesterone levels are used as an…

cGMP, synthesized from GTP by both membrane-bound and soluble guanlyate cyclase enzymes, is a key intracellular second messenger molecule that transduces cellular signaling events in response to a variety of hormones, autacoids and drugs. The relative abundance of cGMP within a given cell can serve…

Oxytocin is a hypothalamic peptide hormone that is stored in the posterior pituitary gland. It is released into the bloodstream during parturition and lactation and is also involved in other social and sexual behaviors, neuropsyciatric disorders, and the maintenance of water and sodium homeostasis.…

11-KT is a second key androgenic steroid found in fish. It occurs in males together with testosterone in amounts which vary from less than 1 ng/ml to as much as 50-100 ng/ml, depending on the species and the stage of the reproductive cycle.

Testosterone is the prototypic and predominant circulating androgenic steroid. It plays a major role in the growth and function of many reproductive and non-reproductive tissues and organs including muscle, liver, and brain, directing the development of the male phenotype during embryogenesis and…

Cayman’s Cortisol ELISA is a competitive assay that provides accurate measurements of cortisol within the range of 6.6-4,000 pg/ml.

Substance P is a bioactive 11-amino acid peptide first isolated in 1931 from brain and intestine. The peptide is involved in many physiological processes including pain modulation, smooth muscle contraction, blood pressure control, kidney function, and water homeostasis. Substance P is widely…

cAMP is a ubiquitous cellular second messenger that is a critical component of a signal transduction pathway linking membrane receptors and their ligands to the activation of internal cellular enzymatic activity and gene expression.

DNA methylation is an important epigenetic process regulating gene expression. Methylation occurs on carbon 5 of 2-deoxy cytidine yielding the modified base 5-methyl-2-deoxy cytidine. The methylation pattern of cells is tightly regulated during development with the methylation profile being…

Adenosine 3',5' cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) is a ubiquitous cellular second messenger that is a critical component of a signal transduction pathway linking membrane receptors and their ligands to the activation of internal cellular enzymatic activity and gene expression. cAMP is synthesized…

Corticosterone is a glucocorticoid produced by the adrenal cortex in response to ACTH (adrenocorticotropic hormone), and is the precursor to aldosterone. The production of glucorcorticoids is increased by stress; therefore, corticosterone can be used as a biomarker of stress. Plasma corticosterone…

Cayman's 8-Hydroxyguanosine (8-OHG) ELISA Kit is a competitive assay that can be used to measure both 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine and 8-hydroxyguanosine. This kit has been validated for use in urine, but other sample types may be used. The assay has a range from 0.15-20 ng/ml and a…

Enterolactone is a mammalian lignan with an estrogen-like diphenolic structure. It is produced by intestinal bacteria from two plant precursors (matairesinol and secoisolariciresinol) obtained in the diet. Enterolactone and other lignans and phytoestrogens have been associated with a reduced risk…

Cayman's Cortisol Express ELISA is a competitive assay that permits the rapid measurement of cortisol from biological samples, requiring only a two hour incubation and one hour development times.

Estriol, a metabolite of 17b-estradiol and a major estrogen produced during pregnancy. In the final weeks before parturition, estriol levels increase significantly (10 weeks gestation to approximately 150 ng/ml at week 38). The majority of the estriol synthesized in the later stages of pregnancy…

The primary synthesis of functional vitamin D begins in the skin, where a cholesterol by-product acted upon by UV light forms vitamin D3. Vitamin D3 is carried through the bloodstream, attached to the vitamin D binding protein, to the liver where it is converted to 25-hydroxy vitamin D3 (25(OH)D3).…

Both DNA and RNA are damaged by oxidation during aging and in a variety of disease states including cancer. The repair processes that are initiated to correct this damage release multiple oxidized guanine species into the urine. Cayman Chemical has developed this immunoassay for the measurement of…

Cayman’s cGMP Assay is a competitive ELISA that can be used for quantification of cGMP directly obtained from cell lysates, tissue homogenates, plasma or urine. Since the antibody used in this assay was prepared against a cGMP-carrier protein conjugate, antibody binding is increased if an…

2-Methoxyestradiol (2-ME2) is a natural metabolite of estradiol with potent antitumor and antiangiogenic properties. 2-Methoxyestradiol is a natural metabolite of estradiol with potent antitumor and antiangiogenic properties. Cayman’s 2-Methoxyestradiol ELISA is a competitive assay that can…