This product is ready-to-use as a working 1X solution and requires no further dilution. 1X RIPA Lysis Buffer is intended for the extraction of cellular proteins for the efficient lysis of cells and solubilization of protein, while minimizing protein degradation and maintaining protein immunoreactivity and biological activity. We recommend using 1.0 ml of RIPA Lysis Buffer to lyse 0.5 to 5 x 10E7 adherent mammalian cells. This buffer contains ionic detergents and may not be suitable for kinase enzymes, if these enzymes are easily denatured. Do not add phosphatase inhibitors when preparing lysates for phosphatase assays. 1X RIPA lysis buffer consists of 50 mM Tris HCl, 150 mM NaCl, 1.0% (v/v) NP-40, 0.5% (w/v) Sodium Deoxycholate, 1.0 mM EDTA, 0.1% (w/v) SDS and 0.01% (w/v) sodium azide at a pH of 7.4. This buffer was meticulously prepared using ultra pure reagents dissolved in highly polished pharmaceutical grade deionized water. Protease and phosphatase inhibitors are recommended but not included in product composition. Recommended final concentrations of protease inhibitors: 1.0 mM Phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride (PMSF) 10 µM Leupeptin 0.1 µM Aprotinin 1.0 µM Pepstatin Recommended final concentrations of phosphatase inhibitors: 1.0 mM Na3VO4 1.0 mM NaF