Tetracycline hydrochloride:
Tetracyclines possess a wide range of antimicrobial activity against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. The bacterial ribosome is the site of action of tetracyclines. Access to the ribosomes of gramnegative bacteria is obtained by passive diffusion through hydrophilic pores in the outer cell membrane and then by an energy-dependent active transport system that pumps all tetracyclines through the inner cytoplasmic membrane. This active transport system may require a periplasmic protein carrier. Tetracyclines bind specifically to 30S ribosomes and appear to inhibit protein synthesis by preventing access of aminoacyl tRNA to the acceptor site on the mRNA -ribosome complex. The inhibitory effects of the tetracyclines can be reversed by washing. This suggests that the reversibly bound antibiotic rather than the small portion of irreversibly bound drug is responsible for the antibacterial action.