Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) is an endogenous neuropeptide that exhibits anti-inflammatory, anti-resorptive, anxiogenic, neuroprotective, and pro-angiogenic activities. In animal models of livery injury, CGRP displays protective benefit, decreasing pro-inflammatory cytokine levels. CGRP…

Azaperone is a butyrophenone tranquilizer that exhibits sedative activity through the inhibition of a-adrenergic receptors. Azaperone also inhibits dopamine receptors and histamine receptors; it also may display antiemetic, antipsychotic, antihistaminergic, and anticholinergic activities.

Butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) is commonly used as a food and cosmetics additive; it exhibits antioxidative and anti-inflammatory activities. BHT may also display neuroprotective benefit, decreasing ethanol-induced brain damage and neurodegeneration and suppressing activation of NF-?B activation…

Anabaenopeptins are cyclopentapeptides found in cyanobacteria such as Microcystis aeruginosa and Oscillatoria agardhii. Anabaenopeptins and other cyanotoxins are typically inhibitors of serine proteases and protein phosphatases (PPs). Anabaenopeptins may also inhibit carboxypeptidases.…

Cefaclor is a second generation β-lactam cephalosporin antibiotic. Cefaclor exhibits antibacterial efficacy against gram positive and gram negative bacteria, inhibiting penicillin binding proteins to prevent peptidoglycan synthesis and bacterial cell wall formation. Cefaclor also displays…

L-Ascorbic acid is a vitamin C compound that can be found in many food and plant sources. L-Ascorbic acid exhibits antioxidative benefit and reducing activity; in vitro, it can act as a prolyl hydroxylase cofactor. Grade; ≥98%

Benzydamine is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) that also exhibits analgesic, anesthetic, and antibacterial activities. Benzydamine is clinically used to treat mucositis and sore throat. Unlike most NSAIDs, benzydamine inhibits prostaglandin synthetase, not cyclooxygenase (COX).

NSAID and COX-1/2 inhibitor used to decrease inflammation. It inhibits platelet aggregation and prolongs bleeding time by decreasing levels of thromboxane A2. Chronic administration decreases risk of cancer and cardiovascular events.

Cafestol is a diterpene found in brewed, unfiltered coffee that exhibits anti-angiogenic, anticancer, chemopreventive, neuromodulatory, anti-inflammatory, and hyperlipidemic activities. Cafestol inhibits proliferation, migration, and tube formation in vitro, potentially through decreasing…

F0F1-ATPase and adenine nucleotide translocator inhibitor and GABA receptor antagonist. It prevents mitochondrial respiration and decreases sperm count and motility. Grade: ≥70%

Bromosporine is an inhibitor of BET bromodomains (BRDs) BRD2, BRD4, BRD9, and CECR2; it may exhibit anticancer potential.

Chrysophanol is an anthraquinone originally found in species of Rheum. Chrysophanol exhibits anti-inflammatory, antiviral, antibiotic, and anticancer activities. In animal models of cerebral ischemia/reperfusion, chrysophanol inhibits activation of the NALP3 inflammasome, ameliorating…

Calcitonin is an endogenous neuropeptide that exhibits pro-oncogenic, anti-osteoarthritic, and anti-resorptive activities. Calcitonin induces activation of NF-?B, upregulating expression and activity of fibronectin, MMP-1, MMP-2, and MMP-9 and increasing cell growth in osteosarcoma cells. When…

Calcitonin gene-related peptide II (CGRP II) exhibits vasodilatory and gastrointestinal modulatory activities; it also appears to be associated with inflammation in diseases such as gout and rheumatoid arthritis. CGRP II dilates arterioles in vitro and inhibits pentagastrin-stimulated gastric acid…

4-Aminophenyl phosphate is an alkaline phosphatase substrate used to quantify enzyme activity in research models.

N-Acetyl-S-(N’-phenylthiocarbamoyl)-L-cysteine (PITC) is a cysteine conjugate of N-acetyl-phenylisothiocyanate. Isothiocyanates are typically found in plants of the Brassicaceae family, including broccoli, cabbage, and radish. Isothiocyanates are best known for their antioxidative, anticancer…

Amitriptyline exhibits antidepressant, antipsychotic, analgesic, and antinociceptive activities; it acts as an antagonist at 5-HT2A/2C/6/7 receptors, M1-5 muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChRs), H1/4 histamine receptors, a1-adrenergic receptors, and also on the serotonin transporter (SERT) and…

L-Citrulline is a by product of NO formation from metabolism of L-arginine that exhibits tocolytic and antioxidative activities. L-Citrulline was originally found in watermelon. In isolated rat uteri, L-citrulline decreases uterine contractile force through stimulation of the NO-cGMP relaxant…

Betamethasone valerate (BMV) is a synthetic glucocorticoid that is commonly used to treat psoriasis and dermatitis. BMV exhibits immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, and vasoconstrictive activity in vitro and in vivo. Across animal models of varying ages, BMV impairs maturation and viability of…

Bicuculline is a neuromodulatory GABA-A receptor antagonist used to study regional variation of GABA receptors and the role of GABA-A receptors in motor disorders, pain, seizure, nociception, anxiety, and memory. Through its inhibition of GABA-A receptors, bicuculline potentiates activation at NMDA…

Canrenone is an active metabolite of spironolactone that acts as an aldosterone antagonist, anti-androgen, and diuretic. Canrenone acts as a partial agonist on the Na+/K+ ATPase. Grade: ≥98%

AK-7 is an inhibitor of sirtuin 2 (SIRT2); sirtuins are considered class III histone deacetylases (HDACs). AK-7 exhibits neuroprotective activity, decreasing brain atrophy and improving motor function and survival in animal models of Huntington’s disea

Acetyl-L-carnitine is a derivative of carnitine that enables functions of CoA and plays a significant role in the maintenance of energy homeostasis. Acetyl-L-carnitine exhibits antidepressant, neuroprotective, analgesic, and antinociceptive activities. In vivo, acetyl-L-carnitine acetylates p65,…

Actinomycin D is a polypeptide antibiotic produced from Streptomyces; it exhibits anticancer chemotherapeutic activity but does not display antibacterial benefit. Actinomycin D is clinically used to treat various cancers and is one component of the VAC chemotherapy regimen. Actinomycin D binds DNA,…

ß-Casomorphin is a peptide fragment of casein that exhibits antioxidative and anti-fibrotic activities. In vivo, ß-casomorphin improves high glucose-induced changes in oxidative enzyme secretion and activity. ß-Casomorphin also decreases urinary glucose and protein levels as well as serum creatine…

Ciclopirox is a hydroxypyridone compound that exhibits antifungal, anti-inflammatory, anti-angiogenic, and anticancer chemotherapeutic activities. This compound acts as a metal ion chelator, preventing peroxide degradation. Ciclopirox modulates generation of ROS in a PKA/Ras1/Ras2-dependent manner,…

Carveol is a terpene alcohol initially found in spearmint oil that exhibits anti-parasitic, neuromodulatory, and anticancer activities. Carveol is commercially used as a food additive and fragrance. This compound activates transient receptor potential vanilloid 3 (TRPV3) channels in vitro and…

This peptide is a protease substrate that is used to measure protease activity in vitro. This peptide can bind to serine proteases such as cathepsins. Grade: ≥98%

Chromium picolinate is clinically used to decrease fasting blood glucose and insulin levels. Chromium picolinate exhibits anti-hyperlipidemic, cardioprotective, and anti-diabetic activities. In high-fat diet-fed rats, chromium picolinate decreases plasma lipid levels and platelet aggregation. In…

L-Carnitine is an endogenous quaternary ammonium compound required for fatty acid transport; it is often given as a dietary supplement. The L-isomer is active, exhibiting anti-osteoporotic, antioxidative, and cardioprotective activities. In a clinical setting, L-carnitine administration increases…

Amyloid-ß (Aß) is a peptide cleavage product of amyloid precursor protein (APP) that is often used as a biomarker in Alzheimer’s disease. Misfolded Aß oligomers instigate conformation changes in other, normally folded Aß oligomers, increasing the number of misfolded proteins and eventually forming…

Adenine is a purine nucleotide base that is involved in the synthesis of RNA and DNA. Adenine also plays roles in cellular respiration as a component of ATP, NAD, and FAD. Grade: ≥98%