IL-1 beta, Interleukin-1 beta, human: Human Interleukin-1 beta  IL-1 beta is a proinflammatory cytokine produced in a variety of cells including monocytes, tissue macrophages, keratinocytes and other epithelial cells. Both IL-1 alpha and IL-1 beta binds to the same receptor and has…

EGF, Epidermal Growth Factor, human: Human Epidermal Growth Factor  EGF was originally discovered in crude preparations of nerve growth factor prepared from mouse submaxillary glands as an activity that induced early eyelid opening, incisor eruption, hair growth inhibition, and stunting…

FGF-basic, Fibroblast Growth Factor-basic, rat: FGF-basic is one of 23 known members of the FGF family. Proteins of this family play a central role during prenatal development and postnatal growth and regeneration of a variety of tissues, by promoting cellular proliferation and…

IL-13, Interleukin-13, murine (mouse): IL-13 is an immunoregulatory cytokine produced primarily by activated Th2 cells, and by mast cells and NK cells. Targeted deletion of IL-13 in mice resulted in impaired Th2 cell development and indicated an important role for IL-13 in the expulsion of…

MIP-1 beta, CCL4, murine (mouse): Chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 4, also known as Macrophage inflammatory protein-1β (MIP-1β) is a CC chemokine with specificity for CCR5 receptors and it is a major HIV-suppressive factor produced by CD8+ T cells. In addition, it is a monokine with…

sCD40 Ligand, TRAP, rHusCD40L, human: CD40 ligand, CD40L (also known as CD154, TRAP or gp39), is a 261 amino acid type II transmembrane glycoprotein belonging to the TNF family, CD40L is expressed predominantly on activated CD4+ T lymphocytes, and also found in other types of cells, like NK cells,…

TNF alpha, Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha, human: Human Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), also called cachectic, is produced by neutrophils, activated lymphocytes, macrophages, NK cells, LAK cells, astrocytes endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells and some…

NOGGIN, human: Human NOGGIN  Noggin belongs to a group of diffusible proteins which bind to ligands of the TGF-β family and regulate their activity by inhibiting their access to signaling receptors. Noggin was originally identified as a BMP-4 antagonist whose action is critical for…

IFN omega, human: Interferon-Omega (IFN-ω) coded by IFNW1 gene in human, is a number of the type I interferon family, which includes IFN-α, IFN-β, and IFN-ω. The IFNAR-1/IFNAR-2 receptor complex can help with the signal transduction, followed the antiviral or the…

EPO, human: Human Erythropoietin Erythropoietin (EPO), a glycoprotein produced primarily by the kidney, is the principal factor that regulates erythropoiesis by stimulating the proliferation and differentiation of erythroid progenitor cells. The production of EPO by kidney cells is increased in…

IL-11, Interleukin-11, human: Interleukin 11 is a pleiotropic cytokine that was originally detected in the conditioned medium of an IL-1α-stimulated primate bone marrow stromal cell line (PU-34) as a mitogen for the IL-6-responsive murine plasmacytoma cell line T1165. IL-11 was also…

NOGGIN, murine (mouse): Murine NOGGIN  Noggin belongs to a group of diffusible proteins which bind to ligands of the TGF-β family and regulate their activity by inhibiting their access to signaling receptors. The interplay between TGF-β ligands and their natural antagonists has…

FGF-18, human: Human FGF-18 is encoded by the FGF18 gene. By phylogenetic analysis and gene location analysis, FGF-18 is divided into FGF-8 subfamily which has three members FGF-8, FGF-17 and FGF-18. Using FGF knockout mice model, the numbers of this subfamily were testified that have crucial…

IL-1 beta, InterleukinIL-1 beta, equine: Interleukin-1 beta (IL-1ß) is a non-secreted proinflammatory cytokine produced mainly by activated macrophages, as well as neutrophils, epithelial cells, and endothelial cells. It possesses metabolic, physiological, haematopoietic activities, and plays one…

SDF-1 beta, CXCL12, murine (mouse): Mouse SDF-1beta / CXCL12 SDF-1α and SDF-1β, members of the chemokine α subfamily that lack the ELR domain, were initially identified using the signal sequence trap cloning strategy from a mouse bone-marrow stromal cell line. These proteins were…

G-CSF, murine (mouse): Granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) is a pleiotropic cytokine. It is mainly produced by monocytes and macrophages upon activation by endotoxin, TNF-α and IFN-γ. Besides, many other cell types can secret this protein after LPS, IL-1 or TNF-α…

Leptin, human: Human Leptin plays a key role in regulating energy intake and energy expenditure, including appetite and metabolism. It is one of the most important adipose derived hormones. The Ob (Lep) gene (Ob for obese, Lep for leptin) is located on chromosome 7 in humans. The…

GM-CSF, Granulocyte Macrophage Colony Stimulating Factor, murine (mouse): Mouse GM-CSF GM-CSF was initially characterized as a factor that can support the in vitro colony formation of granulocytemacrophage progenitors. It is also a growth factor for erythroid, megakaryocyte, and eosinophil…

FGF-18, murine (mouse): Murine FGF-18 is encoded by the FGF18 gene. By phylogenetic analysis and gene location analysis, FGF-18 is divided into FGF-8 subfamily which has three members FGF-8, FGF-17 and FGF-18. Using FGF knockout mice model, the numbers of this subfamily were testified that…

HCC-1, CCL14 (66 a.a.), human: Human CCL14 is belonging to the CC chemokine family. It is encoded by the gene CCL14. CCL14 has two isoforms, CCL14a (HCC-1) and CCL14b (HCC-3). The sequence of HCC-3 differs from HCC-1 as follow: 27-27 R→ QTGGKPKVVKIQLKLVG. CCL14 was first isolated from the…

Sparc, human: SPARC, an acronym for “secreted protein, acidic and rich in cysteine”, is also known as osteonectin or BM-40. It is the founding member of a family of secreted matricellular proteins with similar domain structure. The 303 amino acid , 43 kDa protein contains a 17…

IL-7, Interleukin-7, rat: Interleukin-7 (IL-7) is encoded by the IL7 gene and secreted by stromal cells in the red marrow and thymus. It binds to the IL-7 receptor, a heterodimer consisting of IL-7 receptor alpha and IL-2 receptor gamma chain. IL-7 stimulates the differentiation of…

IL-11, Interleukin-11, murine (mouse): Interleukin 11 is a pleiotropic cytokine that was originally detected in the conditioned medium of an IL-1α-stimulated primate bone marrow stromal cell line (PU-34) as a mitogen for the IL-6-responsive murine plasmacytoma cell line T11. IL-11…

Oncostatin M (209 a.a.), human: Oncostatin M  (OSM) is a growth and differentiation factor that participates in the regulation of neurogenesis, osteogenesis and hematopoiesis. Produced by activated T cells, monocytes and Kaposi's sarcoma cells, OSH can exert both stimulatory and…

HCC-4, LEC, NCC-4, CCL16, human: Human HCC-4, also named NCC-4, liver-expressed chemokine (LEC), and lymphocyte and monocyte chemoattractant (LMC), is a novel CC chemokine identified through bioinformatics. HCC-4 cDNA encodes a 120 amino acid (aa) residue precursor protein with a 23 aa residue…

Flt3-Ligand, CX3CL1, human: Flt-3 ligand (FL) is a recently identified hematopoietic cytokine whose activities are mediated by binding to the transmembrane glycoprotein Flt-3. Flt-3 was first discovered as a member of the class III subfamily of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTK) whose expression…

TFF2, Trefoil Factor 2, human: The Trefoil Factor peptides (TFF1, TFF2 and TFF3) are expressed in the gastrointestinal tract and appear to play an important role in intestinal mucosal defense and repair. TFF2 has been shown to inhibit gastrointestinal motility and gastric acid secretion. …

Nesfatin-1, human: Nesfatin-1 is a naturally occurring protein molecule produced by the brains of mammals. Excess nesfatin-1 in the brain leads to a loss of appetite, less frequent hunger, a 'sense of fullness', and a drop in body fat and weight. A lack of nesfatin-1 in the brain…

TFF1, Trefoil Factor 1, human: The Trefoil Factor peptides (TFF1, TFF2 and TFF3) are expressed in the gastrointestinal tract and appear to play an important role in intestinal mucosal defense and repair. TFF1 is essential for normal differentiation of the antral and pyloric gastric mucosa and…

CYR61, human: Cysteine-rich angiogenic inducer 61 (Cyr61) encoded by the Cyr61 gene is a dynamically expressed, multifunctional matricellular protein and it is also a secreted, extracellular matrix (ECM)-associated signaling protein of the CCN family. Cyr61 plays essential roles in…

IP-10, CXCL10, rat: γ-Interferon Inducible Protein 10 (IP-10)/CXCL10 was originally identified as an IFN-γ-inducible gene in monocytes, fibroblasts, and endothelial cells. It has since been shown that IP-10 mRNA is also induced by LPS, IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-12 and viruses. …

MCP-4, CCL13, human: CCL13 is a chemoattractant for monocytes and eosinophils and activates basophils. In addition, it has been reported to be chemotactic for CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, with an activity almost equivalent to that of MCP-3. The bioactivities of CCL13 is most likely mediated by…