Tight-binding, reversible, highly selective inhibitor of acid proteases (aspartyl peptidases), like pepsin, gastricsin, cathepsin E and D, renin, chymosin, bacterial aspartic proteinases and HIV proteases. Does not inhibit thiol proteases, neutral proteases or serine proteases. Widely used as a…

Collagenases degrade native helical collagen fibrils. Plays an important role in connective tissue metabolism Produced by specific cells involved in repairs and remodeling processes Type II enzyme that contains greater clostripain activity Collagenase is used for collagen…

Collagenases degrade native helical collagen fibrils. It has an important role in connective tissue metabolism and is produced by specific cells involved in repairs and remodelling processes. Collagenase is used for tissue dissociation combined with other enzymes such as elastase, trypsin,…

Potent platinum-based antineoplastic agent with wide spectrum anticancer activity. Anticancer compound. Forms inter- and intrastrand DNA adducts/crosslinks, consequently blocking DNA replication and transcription and inducing cell death. Shows antitumor activity in cisplatin resistant cell lines.…

Biliverdin Dihydrochloride is a bile pigment component. An oxidized metabolite of bilirubin caused when bilirubin reacts with reactive oxygen species. Biliverdin IX is composed of alpha, beta, gamma and delta isomers. Biliverdin dihydrochloride was found responsible for cytoprotection. It was…

Hyaluronidase is a glycoprotein containing 5% mannose and 2.17% glucosamine, it catalyzes the random hydrolysis of 1,4-linkages between 2-acetamido- 2-deoxy- β-D-glucose and D-glucose residues in hyaluronate. Hyaluronidase from bovine testes is a tetramer consisting of 4 equal subunits with a…

α-Amylase isolated from porcine pancreas is a glycoprotein. It is a single polypeptide chain of ~475 residues containing two SH groups and four disulfide bridges and a tightly bound Ca2+ necessary for stability. Chloride ions are necessary for activity and stability. α-Amylase is…

Papain is a sulfhydryl protease from Carica papaya latex. Cleaves peptide bonds of basic amino acids, leucine, or glycine Hydrolyzes esters and amides One unit will hydrolyze 1.0 µmole of N-alpha-benzoyl-L-arginine ethyl ester (BAEE) per minute at 25°C and pH 6.2 Papain…

Anticancer compound. Chemotherapeutic used in patients with cancer and advanced forms of Kaposi's sarcoma. Microtubule assembly stabilizer. Reversibly binds to polymerized tubulin. Anti-mitotic. Mitotic spindle assembly, chromosome segregation and cell division inhibitor. Induces cell cycle…

Acetyl-CoA is produced via beta-oxidation of fatty acids, via the metabolism of carbohydrates - glucose 6-phosphate to pyruvate to acetyl-CoA and via the catabolism of amino acids. Acetyl-CoA has a number of metabolic opportunities. It is metabolized in the tricarboxylic acid cycle to produce…

PMA activates Ca2+- ATPase and potentiates forskolin-induced cAMP formation. It has been shown to inhibit apoptosis induced by the Fas antigen, but PMA induces apoptosis in HL-60 promyelocytic leukemia cells.

Elastase is an enzyme from the class of proteases (peptidases) that break down proteins. It hydrolyzes peptide bonds, especially those adjacent to neutral amino acids. Hydrolyses elastin Digests hemoglobin, casein, and fibrin One unit will solublize 1 mg of elastin in 20 minutes at…

Potent anticancer compound. Anti-angiogenic. VEGF, VE-cadherin phosphorylation, matrix metalloproteinase and urokinase-plasminogen activator (uPA) inhibitor. Anti-inflammatory. NF-kappaB inhibitor. Modulates chronic inflammatory diseases, such as type 2 diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory…

Collagenase is a protease which cleaves the triple-helical protein called collagen. There are three types of tissue collagenases, and these belong to the matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) family. Collagenase from Clostridium histolyticum has extensive use in biological studies, where it is used to…

Potent competitive gamma-aminobutyric acid type A (GABAA) receptor antagonist and glycine receptor agonist. Weak nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist. Muscle relaxant. Anti-inflammatory. Has analgesic properties. Shows strong epileptogenic and convulsant activity. Anticancer compound through…

Competitive indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) inhibitor. Cell permeable, potent and selective necroptosis (a non-apoptotic form of programmed cell death) inhibitor. Showed neuroprotection in a murine model of ischemic brain injury in vivo. Selective and ATP-competitive receptor-interacting protein…

Highly potent, selective and reversible cell permeable inhibitor of the proteasome. Inhibits the chymotrypsin-like and caspase-like peptidase activity of the proteasome. Calpain and cathepsin inhibitor. Autophagy activator. Anticancer compound. Inhibits proliferation and migration of several tumor…

Leupeptin is a modified tripeptide reversible protease inhibitor of trypsin-like proteases and some cysteine proteases including endoproteinase Lys-C, kallikrein, papain, thrombin, cathepsin B, cathepsins H and L, trypsin, calpain, trypsin8 and plasmin. Effective concentration is typically 10-100…

Anticancer and antimetastatic. alpha-Glucosidase inhibitor. Topoisomerase I Inhibitor. Apoptosis inducer. Anti-inflammatory. 15-Lipoxygenase (15-LOX) inhibitor. IL-6 production inhibitor. Fatty acid synthase (FAS) inhibitor. Antioxidant. Free radical scavenger. Antiadipogenic. PPAR-gamma inhibitor.…

The AMC fluorogenic substrates are widely used for routine assays of peptidases. A short peptide sequence is conjugated to 7-AMINO-4-METHYLCOUMARIN, which is released upon cleavage by peptidase. The release of 7-AMINO-4-METHYLCOUMARIN is then measured spectrophotometrically. The excitation; 380 nm…

Potent reversible inhibitor of serine/cysteine proteases and some trypsin-like proteases. Inhibits papain, trypsin and trypsin-like serine proteases as well as cathepsin A, B and D. Similar activity spectrum comparable to leupeptin (AG-CP3-7000). Acts by forming a hemiacetal adduct between its…

Potent, competitive and reversible cysteine, serine and threonine protease inhibitor. Inhibits calpain, kallikrein, trypsin, plasmin, papain and cathepsin B. Does not inhibit pepsin, elastase, renin, cathepsins A and D, thrombin or alpha-chymotrypsin. Used to protect against hearing loss caused by…

Acetoacetyl coenzyme A (Acetoacetyl-CoA) may be used as a substrate for a number of enzymes including; acetoacetyl-CoA thiolase (EC 2.3.1) which produces acetyl-CoA in reverse condensation reaction and (3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (CoA) synthase (HMGCS)) which produces…

Pepstatin A is a reversible inhibitor of aspartic proteases, Inhibitor for pepsin, renin, cathepsin D, cathepsin G, and other acid proteases. It does not inhibit thiol proteases, neutral proteases or serine proteases. Pepstatin forms a 1:1 complex with acid proteases (carboxyl proteases). …

Proteinase K is a highly active stable endopeptidase with a broad spectrum of action was isolated by E. Merk's Darmstadt Biochemical Research Department in 1970 from a culture filtrate of the fungus, Tritirachium album Limber. This fungus is able to grow on Keratin (e.g., wool, horn particles)…

Cell permeable fungal toxin that disrupts contractile microfilaments by inhibiting actin polymerization. This, in turn, induces DNA fragmentation, inhibits cell division, and disrupts many cell processes. Inhibits glucose transport. One of a group of fungal metabolites that interfere with a wide…

Potent, cell permeable adenylyl cyclase activator. Increases intracellular cAMP levels. Widely used tool to investigate cAMP as a second messenger. Inotropic and antihypertensive. Smooth muscle relaxant/vasodilator. Glucose transporter inhibitor. Platelet aggregation inhibitor. Stimulates lipolysis…

Roseoflavin is a weak antibacterial agent active against some gram-positive bacteria, especially Staphylococcus aureus, Sarcina latea, Bacillus cereus and Bacillus subtilis. Also exhibits antiriboflavin activity and inhibits the biosynthesis of riboflavin by a repressor mechanism.

Trypsin inhibitor from soybeans is a monomeric protein containing 181 amino acid residues in a single polypeptide chain crosslinked by two disulfide bridges. Reversible serine protease inhibitor Inhibits factor Xa, trypsin, chymotrypsin, kallikrein and plasmin One unit will inhibit…

A highly active stable endopeptidase with a broad spectrum of action was isolated by E. Merk's Darmstadt Biochemical Research Department in 1970 from a culture filtrate of the fungus, Tritirachium album Limber, suitable for both protein and nucleic acid isolation, it exhibits proteolytic…