Azaperone is a butyrophenone tranquilizer that exhibits sedative activity through the inhibition of a-adrenergic receptors. Azaperone also inhibits dopamine receptors and histamine receptors; it also may display antiemetic, antipsychotic, antihistaminergic, and anticholinergic activities.

Capsaicin is an agonist of transient receptor potential vanilloid (TRPV) channels that was originally found in peppers of the Capsicum genus. Capsaicin exhibits analgesic, anti-inflammatory, anti-obesity, and anticancer chemotherapeutic activity. Capsaicin also displays bronchoconstrictive activity…

Chlorpromazine is a phenothiazine that exhibits antipsychotic, antidepressant, anxiolytic, neuroprotective, and anticancer chemotherapeutic activities. Chlorpromazine inhibits D1/2/3/4 receptors, 5-HT1/2 receptors, a1/2-adrenergic receptors, and M1/2 muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChRs).…

F0F1-ATPase and adenine nucleotide translocator inhibitor and GABA receptor antagonist. It prevents mitochondrial respiration and decreases sperm count and motility. Grade: ≥70%

Aminopterin is a folic acid analog and derivative of pterin; it is very similar to methotrexate in structure. Aminopterin exhibits anticancer chemotherapeutic and immunosuppressive activities. Like other folic acid analogs, aminopterin inhibits dihydrofolate reductase, depleting nucleotide pools…

Blasticidin S is an antibiotic that also exhibits anti-parasitic activity. Blasticidin S inhibits protein synthesis by inducing deformations in P-site tRNA. Blasticidin S inhibits aflatoxin production in species of Aspergillus.

Baclofen is a GABA derivative that acts as an agonist at GABA-B receptors; it is commonly used in animal models to examine the effects of GABAergic neurotransmission in a variety of fields, including substance dependence, spasticity, pain, and feeding behavior. Baclofen exhibits analgesic,…

Carmustine is a nitrosourea alkylator that is clinically used to treat brain cancers, multiple myeloma, and lymphomas. Carmustine exhibits anticancer chemotherapeutic and anticoagulant activities. Carmustine is often co-administered with MGMT inhibitors to increase its chemotherapeutic efficacy. In…

Amrinone is a pyridine phosphodiesterase 3 (PDE 3) inhibitor that is clinically used to treat congestive heart failure (CHF). Amrinone may be administered during cardiopulmonary bypass surgery. Amrinone exhibits positive inotropic activity, inducing vasodilation and increasing cardiac contractility…

Aminophylline is a non-selective adenosine receptor antagonist and phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitor. Aminophylline exhibits vasodilatory and anti-inflammatory activity and is occasionally clinically used to treat chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder (COPD). In animal models of allergen-induced…

Calcitriol is the active form of vitamin D that binds to the vitamin D receptors (VDR), increasing absorption of dietary Ca2+. Calcitriol is produced in the kidney from prodrug forms of vitamin D such as cholecalciferol. Calcitriol is commercially used in dietary supplements to prevent…

Brefeldin A is a lactone antibiotic found in fungi such as Eupenicillium; it exhibits anticancer and antiviral activities. Brefeldin A inhibits activity of guanine nucleotide exchange factors, preventing association with COPI and COPI-mediated vesicle formation and suppressing protein transport…