Citrinin is a mycotoxin initially produced by Penicillum, Aspergillus, and Monascus. Citrinin exhibits cytotoxic, cardiotoxic, nephrotoxic, and pro-oxidative activities. In leydig cells, citrinin inhibits testosterone production and induces caspase-mediated apoptosis. In embryos, citrinin alters…

Bromosporine is an inhibitor of BET bromodomains (BRDs) BRD2, BRD4, BRD9, and CECR2; it may exhibit anticancer potential.

Adipokinetic hormone is a neuropeptide hormone found in insects that is involved in the regulation of circadian rhythms. Adipokinetic hormone also increases activity of peptidase, lipase, amylase, and polygalacturonase in the salivary glands. In brain samples treated with H2O2, this peptide…

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) is a peptide derived from proopiomelanocortin (POMC) processed and secreted in the pituitary gland. ACTH binds and activates melanocortin-2 (MC2) receptors, stimulating cortisol production in the adrenal cortex. ACTH exhibits anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory…

A grasshopper neuropeptide from a family of arthropod hormones and neuroregulators, found in Locusta migratoria.

Brevetoxins are lipid-soluble polyether neurotoxins initially produced by the dinoflagellate Karenia brevis. Brevetoxins act as agonists, binding the neurotoxin site 5 on SCN4A/Nav1.4 and SCN5A/Nav1.5 voltage-gated Na+ channels in skeletal muscle and cardiac tissue, producing a channel opening…

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) is a peptide derived from proopiomelanocortin (POMC) processed and secreted in the pituitary gland. ACTH binds and activates melanocortin-2 (MC2) receptors, stimulating cortisol production in the adrenal cortex. ACTH exhibits anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory…

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) is a peptide derived from proopiomelanocortin (POMC) processed and secreted in the pituitary gland. ACTH binds and activates melanocortin-2 (MC2) receptors, stimulating cortisol production in the adrenal cortex. ACTH exhibits anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory…

Chromomycin A3 is an anthraquinone that exhibits antibacterial and anticancer chemotherapeutic activity. Chromomycin A3 binds Mg2+ and Zn2+ ions, and these complexes bind GC sequences in nucleosomal DNA; this inhibits DNA gyrase, RNA polymerase, and DNA transcription. Chromomycin inhibits growth of…

Chymostatin is an inhibitor of proteases such as chymase that is used in research models.

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) is an endogenous peptide derived from proopiomelanocortin (POMC) processed and secreted in the pituitary gland. ACTH binds and activates melanocortin-2 (MC2) receptors, stimulating cortisol production in the adrenal cortex. ACTH exhibits anti-inflammatory and…

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) is a peptide derived from proopiomelanocortin (POMC) processed and secreted in the pituitary gland. ACTH binds and activates melanocortin-2 (MC2) receptors, stimulating cortisol production in the adrenal cortex. ACTH exhibits anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory…

Ciglitazone is a thiazolidinedione that exhibits antihypertensive, anticancer, and anti-diabetic activities. Ciglitazone acts as an agonist at PPAR? receptors, decreasing insulin levels, VEGF production, and blood pressure. In cellular models of stomach cancer, ciglitazone induces G1 phase cell…

Citreoviridin A is a mycotoxin found in cereal and bread grains; it exhibits pro-oxidative, anticancer chemotherapeutic, antibacterial, antifungal, and antiviral activities. In vitro, citreoviridin A increases ROS levels and decreases glutathione, inducing oxidative stress, destabilizing the…

CKS-17 is a synthetic peptide with a sequence homologous to endogenous retroviral transmembrane envelope proteins; it exhibits immunosuppressive activity in vitro and in vivo. In one study, CKS-17 inhibits production of IL-12, IL-2, TNF-a, and IFN-y, increases levels of cAMP and IL-10, and…

Buccalin is a neuropeptide found in mollusks. Buccalin modulates neuromuscular transmission and decreases motor neuron-induced muscular contractions.

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) is a peptide derived from proopiomelanocortin (POMC) processed and secreted in the pituitary gland. ACTH binds and activates melanocortin-2 (MC2) receptors, stimulating cortisol production in the adrenal cortex. ACTH exhibits anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory…

Chromostatin is a peptide fragment representing chromogranin A (124-143). Chromostatin exhibits cardiomodulatory activity, inhibiting vasoconstriction in thoracic arteries and saphenous veins induced by K+, norepinephrine, and endothelin-1. Additionally, chromostatin inhibits catecholamine…

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) is a peptide derived from proopiomelanocortin (POMC) processed and secreted in the pituitary gland. ACTH binds and activates melanocortin-2 (MC2) receptors, stimulating cortisol production in the adrenal cortex. ACTH exhibits anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory…

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) is a peptide derived from proopiomelanocortin (POMC) processed and secreted in the pituitary gland. ACTH binds and activates melanocortin-2 (MC2) receptors, stimulating cortisol production in the adrenal cortex. ACTH exhibits anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory…

Adrenomedullin is an endogenous peptide hormone involved in growth and differentiation of stem cells. This peptide exhibits vasodilatory, natriuretic, and cardioprotective activities. Adrenomedullin decreases blood pressure and increases neovascularization. This peptide binds microtubule-associated…

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) is a peptide derived from proopiomelanocortin (POMC) processed and secreted in the pituitary gland. ACTH binds and activates melanocortin-2 (MC2) receptors, stimulating cortisol production in the adrenal cortex. ACTH exhibits anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory…

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) is a peptide derived from proopiomelanocortin (POMC) processed and secreted in the pituitary gland. ACTH binds and activates melanocortin-2 (MC2) receptors, stimulating cortisol production in the adrenal cortex. ACTH exhibits anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory…

Adipokinetic hormone is a neuropeptide hormone found in insects that is involved in the regulation of circadian rhythms. Adipokinetic hormone also increases activity of peptidase, lipase, amylase, and polygalacturonase in the salivary glands. In brain samples treated with H2O2, this peptide…

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) is a peptide derived from proopiomelanocortin (POMC) processed and secreted in the pituitary gland. ACTH binds and activates melanocortin-2 (MC2) receptors, stimulating cortisol production in the adrenal cortex. ACTH exhibits anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory…

Brevetoxins are lipid-soluble polyether neurotoxins initially produced by the dinoflagellate Karenia brevis. Brevetoxins act as agonists, binding the neurotoxin site 5 on SCN4A/Nav1.4 and SCN5A/Nav1.5 voltage-gated Na+ channels in skeletal muscle and cardiac tissue, producing a channel opening…