Phosphatidylserine is a phospholipid component, usually present on the cytosolic side of cell membranes by an enzyme called flippase. When a cell undergoes apoptosis, phosphatidylserine is no longer restricted to the cytosolic part of the membrane, but becomes exposed on the surface of the cell. …

An essential amino acid.

L-Asparagine is used in cell culture media and is a component of MEM non-essential amino acids solution. L-Asparagine has been shown to enhance ornithine decarboxylase activity in cultured human colon adenocarcinoma Caco-2 cells and in cultured IEC-6 intestinal epithelial cells. Spore germination…

Spermidine is biogenic polyamine formed from putrescine, a precursor of spermine. Spermidine has a role in cell growth processes and the formation and interconversion of spermidine in mammalian cells has been reported. Spermidine binds to and activates NMDA(N-Methyl-D-Aspartate receptor) and has…

Carnitine is a quaternary amine that occurs naturally in most mammalian tissue. It is present in relatively high concentrations in skeletal muscle and heart where it is involved in regulating energy metabolism. It shifts glucose metabolism from glycolysis to glycogen storage and enhances the…

Glycine is a non-essential amino acid. Only amino acid with no asymmetric carbon. It is a major inhibitory neurotransmitter. Glycine is widely used as a buffer for a variety of immunological applications. Glycine is also used as an eluent in column chromatography. Glycine has been reported for…

L-Glutamine, the uncharged and amidated analog of L-glutamic acid, is an important amino acid for the incorporation of NH4+ into biomolecules. It is biosynthesized from NH4+ and glutamate via the enzyme glutamate synthetase. In turn, degradation of glutamine to free the ammonia moiety is mediated…

Urea is a prinicipal protein metabolite end product of nitrogen metabolism in most mammals, formed by the enzymatic reactions of the Kreb's cycle and the major product for the removal of free ammonia (NH4+) in vivo. Urea is a mild agent usually used in the solubilization and denaturation of…

L-Arginine is one of the three amino acids with basic side chains, and is very hydrophilic in character. Contains a guanidino group in the side chain Biosynthesized in the kidneys Hydrolyzed to urea and ornithine by arginase Can be metabolized to glutamate L-Arginine plays an…

L-Proline is an amino acid. The conjugation of L-proline with imidazolium-based ionic liquid (IL)-modified magnetic nanoparticles forms a catalyst that can be magnetically recovered and employed in direct asymmetric aldol reaction. The solubility and stability of ezetimibe (EZT) has been reported…

L-Serine is one of the two biological amino acids with a hydroxyl substituted side chain, and thus is hydrophilic in character. L-serine is used in the study of influence of pulsed applications of serine on polyglucose synthesis by Fusobacterium nucleatum cultures. Supplementation of minimal…

L-Pipecolic acid is a proline homolog and lysine metabolite. It occurs in seeds, malt, edible mushrooms, fruits, etc. Defects in its metabolism is involved in hyperpipecolic acidemia, cerebro-hepato-renal syndrome, neonatal onset adrenoleukodystrophy, and infantile Refsum disease. L-pipecolic…

Methyl δ-aminolevulinate (methyl-ALA, MAL) and 5-Aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) are commonly used in photosentizer reagents for photodynamic therapy to treat conditions such as Acne vulgaris and hypertrophic scarring.

L-Cysteine is a proteinogenic amino acid incorporated into proteins as directed by the genetic code. The thiol-side chain participates in a variety of oxidation/reduction reactions within the cell. The side chain participates in the formation of β bonds that modulate the secondary and ternary…

The essential amino acid L-histidine is one of the three amino acids with a basic side chain, and is very hydrophilic in character. It contains an imidazole group in the side chain. L-Histidine has been used to study cultures of the human T-lymphoblastic leukemia cell line MOLT-4 to study…

Leucine is a branched-chain α-amino acid. Leucine is classified as a hydrophobic amino acid due to its aliphatic isobutyl side chain. Leucine has been used as a molecular marker in the recovery of DNA from palaeontological samples for PCR analysis.

Methionine is one of the common sulfur-containing amino acids. Methionine is a common methyl-group donor to various substrates, such as creatine, epinephrine, ergosterol, and choline. L-Methionine is used as an essential amino acid for human development and therapeutically acts as an antidote…

Antipain hydrochloride is a peptidyl arginine aldehyde protease inhibitor produced by actinomycetes. (Merkmillipore) Antipain acts by forming a hemiacetal adduct between the aldehyde group of the inhibitor and the active proteinase. Antipain inhibits trypsin, papain, and catherpsins A and B (a…

L-Glutamine, the uncharged and amidated analog of L-glutamic acid, is an important amino acid for the incorporation of NH4+ into biomolecules. It is biosynthesized from NH4. L-Glutamine is an essential amino acid that is a crucial component of culture media that serves as a major energy source…

NMDA agonist acting at the glycine site; precursor of glycine by serine hydroxymethyltransferase.

DL-Threonine is an essential α - amino acid classified as polar which has two chiral centers. In plants and micro-organisms, threonine is synthesized from aspartic acid via aspartyl - semialdehyde and homoserine. DL-Threonine is as an additive to animal feed. They are also used to chelate…

Amino acid found in human plasma and thyroid gland, similar to thyroxine. T3 is a thyroid hormone that increases rates of proteins synthesis, stimulates the breakdown of cholesterol, and effects embryonic development. In cell culture, T3 regulates cell differentiation and protein expression.