The pH of a sample is an indication of its acidity or alkalinity and pH determination is one of the most commonly conducted laboratory measurements. The term pH is defined as the negative logarithm (base 10) of the Hydrogen ion concentration (or, more accurately, Activity) expressed in molarity. The measurement of pH is often done using a pH meter, paper or indicators. For most routine pH measurements, a two-point standardization of a pH meter should be used; pH 4 and 7 buffers can be used for pH measurement of samples of pH 7 or below, while pH 7 and 10 buffers can be used for pH measurement of samples of pH 7 or higher.
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